1. The Protestant Reformation

2. Causes for the Reformation:
The Catholic Church was more interested in income than saving souls
The Pope acted like a political leader rather than a leader of moral leadership
Priests were engaging in misconduct
Many church leaders were hypocritical in conduct
The Catholic Church ignored complaints of its members

3. So…
Humanists urged unhappy Catholics to leave the Catholic Church

4. Indulgences
Johan Tetzel was a monk sent to Germany to ask people to buy indulgences.
1517
Indulgences are pardons from the punishments of your sins.
Essentially you paid to have your sins removed.

5. The Selling of Indulgences

6. Martin Luther
A German Monk who felt no comfort from the Catholic Church and their methods of overcoming sin.
Developed Lutheranism
He taught that ceremonies and good deeds could not save a sinner.
The only thing that counted was FAITH
Salvation comes through your faith in God- not our actions
“justification by grace through faith”

7. Martin Luther

8. 95 Theses
In 1517, Luther challenged the Catholic Church by posting the 95 Theses on a church door for all to see.
He was denounced by the Catholic Church and later declared a heretic and excommunicated- 1521

9. 95 Theses cont. They said the Bible was the sole religious authority.
All people should be viewed equally.
Religious leaders could not tell you what to do.
Ceremonies could not make up for sin.
The printing press allowed his ideas to be spread to the masses.
He created Lutheranism- “a priesthood of all believers”

11. Diet of Worms Denounced Martin Luther
He was hid away by Frederick the Wise
During this time he translated the Bible into German.
German Princes supported Luther
Anyone who protested the Catholic Church was called a Protestant.
The Peace of Augsburg-1555 allowed German rulers to choose their own religion. They chose Lutheranism.
Their subjects must follow their rulers.

12. King Henry VIII King of England “ a defender of the faith”
Wanted a divorce form his first wife Catherine of Aragon so he could marry Anne Boleyn
The Pope refused to give him a divorce.
He withdrew from the Catholic Church and created the Anglican Church but kept all the practices and ceremonies of the Catholic Church.
King Henry VIII became the head of the Anglican Church.

13. King Henry VIII

14. Calvinism Created by John Calvin Known as Calvinists- Switzerland
Believed in predestination- your fate was chosen before you came to the earth.
The official religion of Geneva, Switzerland- Theocracy.
Laws prohibited playing cards, dancing, profanity, and all must dress moderately.
All decorations in Catholic Churches were covered up.

15. John Calvin

16. Huguenots Those in France who followed Calvinist ideas
Bloody Civil Wars happened between the Catholics and the Calvinists in France.
Edict of Nantes Provided an end to the wars and freedom of religion in France.
Other religions- Puritans- who came to America- Baptists-Presbyterians

17. Religious battles in France

18. Catholic Reaction
Inquisition- Spain Choose to be Catholic or leave or be killed.
The List of Forbidden Books- Books defined by the Catholic Church to be harmful to the faith and morals.

19. The Spanish Inquisition

20. Counter-Reformation
The Catholic Church wanted to return to an emphasis on spiritual matters
Wanted to make doctrine more clear
Wanted to stop the spread of Protestantism

21. The Council of Trent
A meeting of church officials to define church positions on doctrine
They would end abuses
They would continue to have ceremonies- they would worship with splendor
They would depend on priests only to give forgiveness
They believed that salvation came form church actions and individual faith
They stressed free will

22. Religious Orders were Created
Jesuits- Created by Ignatius de Loyola 1534
Salvation through good deeds
They took vows of chastity, poverty and obedience to the Pope
They would spread Catholicism
They Stressed education
They slowed the spread of Protestantism
Funded universities for learning

23. Saint Ignatius de Loyola

24. Results of the Reformation
Intolerance increased among people of different religions
Religious wars happened
The appearance of churches varied
The humanists began building centers of education
Reading increased because of the printing press
The national governments power increased
The power of the pope decreased in governmental affairs