1. The Protestant Reformation
Chapter 12 Sections 3 and 4

2. Lesson Objectives
Describe the factors that set the stage for the Protestant Reformation.
Explain how the Protestant Reformation is spread by the ideas of Martin Luther.
Describe the ideas of John Calvin and define predestination.

3. 181. Describe the factors that set the stage for the Protestant Reformation.

4. Church Abuses
The Popes of the Catholic Church had become heavily involved in political affairs.
The Popes lived lavish lifestyles.
Charged fees for administering sacraments; baptism, marriage, etc.
Indulgences- people would pay in order to spend less time in purgatory waiting to go to heaven.

6. 182. Explain how the Protestant Reformation is spread by the ideas of Martin Luther.

7. Martin Luther: Catalyst of Change

8. Martin Luther German monk and professor.
Became disillusioned with the corruption in the Catholic Church.
Led a revolt against the Catholic Church.

9. Writing the 95 Theses
In 1517 a priest in Wittenberg, Germany sold indulgences to rebuild a cathedral.
These indulgences would send anyone who purchased them a direct route to heaven along with all of their family.
Martin Luther argued indulgences had no place in the Catholic Church.
Christians could be saved only through faith.

10. Igniting a Firestorm
Copies of the 95 Theses were distributed throughout Europe. (Printing Press)
He was excommunicated by the Pope in 1521.
The Holy Roman Emperor, Charles V summoned him to a diet, “day of meeting”, at Worms.
He was declared an outlaw by the Emperor but had many followers.

11. Luther’s Teachings Salvation is achieved through faith.
Accepts some of the sacraments and rejects others.
No Pope- elected councils instead.
The Bible alone was the source of truth.
People read and interpret the Bible for themselves.

12. Luther’s Ideas Spread
Printing Press- spread Luther’s ideas quickly and effectively.
Some German princes supported Luther. Why?
Liked his ideas
Wanted to reduce power of the Church over them.
Wanted to take Church lands.

13. The Peace of Augsburg
Charles V tried to force German princes back into the Catholic Church.
Fought wars over religion.
1555- signed the Peace of Augsburg- allowed nobles to decide what religion their kingdom would follow; Catholicism or Lutheranism.

14. 183. Describe the ideas of John Calvin and define predestination.

15. John Calvin in Switzerland
Trained as a priest and lawyer.
Preached predestination- the idea that God had long ago predetermined who would achieve salvation (go to heaven).
Two kinds of people
Saints
Sinners

16. Predestination

17. England- Henry VIII The reformation spread to England.
Changes were sought for much different reasons in England than in Germany with Martin Luther.
Henry VIII wanted to be able to get a divorce, which the Catholic Church would not allow. (he had 6 wives overall)
So he broke away from the Catholic Church and started his own church named the Anglican Church.

18. Spread of Protestantism