1. The Spread of Protestantism & The Catholic Response
SS.A.3.4.2; SS.B.1.4.4; SS.B.2.4.1

2. The Zwinglian Reformation
Ulrich Zwingli, priest from Zurich, convinces the city council to reform churches in Zurich
Abolishes relics and images in churches
Paintings removed, replaces with all white walls
Catholic mass replaced by scripture reading, prayer and sermons
Attempt to unite with Lutherans in Germany fails, because sides cannot agree on importance of Communion

4. John Calvin & Calvinism
War between Catholic and Protestant Swiss results in Zwingli’s death
John Calvin=new leader of Swiss reforms
French, but forced to live in Switzerland after he converts to Protestantism
Writes Institutes of the Christian Religion
Shared many beliefs with Lutherans
Calvin also believed in predestination
Belief that God has already chosen the saved
Calvinists believe they always do God’s work

6. Calvin In Geneva 1536: Calvin attempts to reform Geneva
Establishes new government based on church
Consistory established as court to punish those who don’t follow church teaching
Geneva becomes a center of Protestantism
1550: Calvinism more influential than Lutheranism; spreads to parts of France, the Netherlands, and Eastern Europe

7. The English Reformation
King Henry VIII of England wants an annulment, so he can marry another woman
First wife, Catherine of Aragon, births a girl
Henry wants to marry Anne B., wants a son
Asks pope for divorce—FAIL
Asks Archbishop of Canterbury—winning
1534: Parliament splits from Catholic Church with “Act of Supremacy”
Henry stays close to Catholic teaching, son Edward VI’s priests like Protestantism
Henry and Catherine’s daughter “Bloody Mary” tries to bring England back to Pope, fails

9. The Anabaptists
Disliked state control of church like Luther and Calvin established
Anabaptists: faith should be by adults who choose a spiritual rebirth, and are baptized
Adult baptism was a new idea, different than those held by Catholics and Protestants
Separation of church and state=important
Ministers elected by people, from the community since all Christians are equal (but not women)
Did not believe in war or holding political office
Catholics & Protestants persecuted Anabaptists

11. The Protestant Family
Protestants do not think celibacy= a special holiness
Monasticism & celibacy for clergy abolished
Protestants believed in equality between man and woman
But in practice, men were still dominant, and women were expected to be obedient
Main role of women=bare children
Reformation did little for women’s rights

13. Jesuits & The Catholic Reformation
Mid-1500s: Protestantism is spreading
Catholic Church begins to reform itself
Jesuits, papacy reformed, Council of Trent
Jesuits “The Society of Jesus” was a religious order founded by Ignatius of Loyola
Swear loyalty to pope, used education as tool
Reestablish Catholicism to eastern Europe and parts of Germany, Asia, Americas & Africa
Popes were no longer allowed to play an active role in politics, and military affairs

14. Council of Trent
Pope Paul III sees need for change, appoints Reform Commission in 1537
Commission blames problems on popes’ abuses of power, politics and wealth
1545: Pope, bishops, theologians, abbots and cardinals meet to discuss Catholic faith
Upholds: faith and good works needed for salvation, clerical celibacy, purgatory, sacraments, Eucharist
Sale of indulgences is forbidden

15. The Council of Trent

16. Chapter 10, Lesson 2 Review
On page 187, write and answer questions 1-5