Energy for the Industrial Revolution

The need for energy The need for energy –Early factories relied on horses, oxen, water mills –Factories grew and required more power –Steam engine evolved

How the steam engine works -Steam is forced from high to low pressure, produces power produces power

Effect of the steam engine Effect of the steam engine –Steam power used where coal existed –Requires enormous amounts of fuel –Increased textile production  (improve factories & transport) –Improved mining – kept them from flooding –Increased metals –Fueled other industries

Iron and Coal The need for iron The need for iron –Farming tools, factory machinery, railways –Smelting iron – chemical process that makes it more pure  Makes steel more flexible and durable The need for coal The need for coal –Coal was abundant and replaced expensive raw materials –Steam engines were powered by coal

Effect of iron and coal Effect of iron and coal –Britain produced more iron and coal than all other countries of the world combined –No longer dependent on water power –Coal powered Britain’s enormous navy –Bessemer process reformed (improved) smelting  Reduced the need for fuel in smelting  Eliminated second heating of iron  Compressed gas to produce high temperatures

Transportation The need for better transportation The need for better transportation –Increased production increased the need to transport goods quickly and cheaply –Need to get goods to and from factories –Pre-Industrial society used horses, mules and dirt roads

Transportation Inventions Inventions –Stone and asphalt roads –Canals –Railroad era – The Rocket 1829

Effects of Railroads Effects of Railroads –Expanded rapidly throughout Britain –Cheaper transportation increased production and profits –Railways fueled other industries (ex. Manufactured Products)

New Use of Raw Materials / Energy Sources –Electricity –Petroleum –Steel

S. Melvin Internal Combustion System

Where did all this happen first? Great Britain / England / United Kingdom)

Why Britain Led the Industrial Revolution Labor Supply: Britain had many people who were able to work Labor Supply: Britain had many people who were able to work –Farmers forced to leave land for work in factories the city (“urbanization”) –Even though working class was poor, the IR created lots of $$ - most of this went to the middle class (skilled workers, professionals.

Why Britain Led the Industrial Revolution Natural Resources: Many Natural Resources available to run machines Natural Resources: Many Natural Resources available to run machines - coal and iron - water power - Colonies able to provide needed materials - Colonies able to provide needed materials Strong Economy: Strong Economy: –People wanted to invest money in industries –Wealthy landowners and merchants

Why Britain Led the Industrial Revolution Entrepreneurs Entrepreneurs –Many capitalist business managers – building factories and looking for new markets Transportation Transportation –Good harbors and canal systems for trade –Large merchant fleet and navy

The British Fleet

Why Britain Led the Industrial Revolution Markets: Markets: –England has colonies to sell manufactured goods to –New jobs – people had money to spend on factory goods Stable Government Stable Government –No war at home Government Support Government Support –Passed laws to protect businesses & help them expand (encourages entrepreneurs)