Agriculture & Textile Industry
The main features of Industrial Revolution
Pre-Industrial Society Farming – Middle ages Villages fed themselves One field left fallow (crop free) so it could regain fertility between plantings
Pre-Industrial Society Disadvantages Land use inefficient Didn’t try new farming methods
Churning Butter
Farming Tools
Farming Tools
Life on the farm Think/Discuss What is good about this kind of work? What is bad about this kind of work?
Forces for Change Population growing – more food needed
Think/Discuss: Why would farmers need to have many children?
Enclosure Movement Fenced in common pastures Villages lost land to wealthy land owners; poor became poorer as they worked on another person’s farm.
Crop Rotation: Discuss what it is
Agricultural Revolution Crop Rotation Nutrients replenished by planting other crops Not left inefficiently fallow
Where did this Agricultural Revolution All Begin?? England, Great Britain, The UK
(invented by Jethro Tull) Other discoveries Seed drill (invented by Jethro Tull) (Don’t need to copy this part – just an FYI: It planted seeds into the soil instead of using 10 lbs of seed per acre; only 2 lbs of seeds were used. It also yielded 10x more food and wasted less.) New crops: corn, potato Results of Ag. Rev. More food available Population increased
Cottage Industry Merchants role Supplied materials (wool, cotton) to cottages to be spun Took supplies from cottage to cottage Sell product for more than material and labor
Economic system based on Capitalism Economic system based on Private ownership Free competition Profit Cottage industry example of early capitalism Effects of Capitalism/ Cottage industry Big profits Alternative source of income for peasants
Textile Industry – Factory System Textile Industry Invented Cottages couldn’t keep up with demand (People wanted more than what was available.) New Inventions : (wait for pictures on the next slides…)
Spinning Jenny
Water Frame
Power Loom
As it improves, does this look like it can fit in a cottage room??? Power Loom As it improves, does this look like it can fit in a cottage room???
Cotton Gin
Significance of Textiles for the IR Textiles were the FIRST industry/the first product that factories ever mass produced
Rise of the Factory New machines, too big for cottage Factory located near power source (water)
Factory System Division of labor Specialization of function
Think/Discuss Life in the factory What is good about this kind of work? What is bad about this kind of work?
Assembly Line: “Repetition Makes you Stop Caring”
Effects of Textile Factories Price of good lower – mass produced Industry increased – demand Villagers left to find work in factories – urban center grew