LEARNING.  Simple form of learning in which one stimulus calls forth the response that usually is brought on by another stimulus. The two stimuli have.

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Presentation transcript:

LEARNING

 Simple form of learning in which one stimulus calls forth the response that usually is brought on by another stimulus. The two stimuli have been associated with each other. CLASSICAL CONDITIONING  Stimulus- something that produces a reaction  Response- reaction that is produced.

 Unconditioned stimulus- stimulus that causes a response that is automatic not learned (food)  Unconditioned response- automatic response (saliva)  Conditioned response- learned response to a stimulus that was neutral (salivation to bell)  Conditioned stimulus- a learned stimulus (bell)

 Taste aversion- learned avoidance of particular food  extinction- CS no longer followed by an US loses its ability to bring about a CR ADAPTING TO ENVIRONMENT  Spontaneous recovery- an extinguished response revived  Generalization- responding to similar stimuli  Discrimination- responding differently to different stimuli

 Flooding- person exposed to the harmless stimulus until fear response are extinguished  Systemic desensitization- bring about relaxation APPLICATION OF CLASSICAL CONDITIONING  Counterconditioning- pleasant stimulus is paired with fearful one to counteract

 People learn from the consequences of their actions. They learn to engage in behavior that results in desired consequences. OPERANT CONDITIONING  Reinforcement- is the process by which a stimulus increases the chance that a behavior will occur again.

 Positive Reinforcers- a behavior is reinforced because a person receives something they want following the behavior  Negative Reinforcers- a behavior is reinforced because something unwanted stops happening or is removed following the behavior.

 Shaping- a way of teaching complex behavior by reinforcing small steps in the right direction. APPLICATIONS OF OPERANT CONDITIONING

 Latent learning- learning that remains hidden until needed.  Observational learning- acquire knowledge and skills by imitating others.

 Preview  Question  Read PQ4R METHOD  Reflect  Recite  Review

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