1. Agenda To Get: To Do: Guided notes Intro Unit 7: Learning
Classical Conditioning
Conditioning your “PUPILS”
Activity Identification

2. Opener What is something you are afraid of?
What do you do when you are confronted with this fear?   
Have you ever tried to get over this fear? How might you do it?

3. Classical Conditioning
Conditioning type of learning that involves stimulus-response connections
Learning  process of learning associations between environmental stimuli and behavior responses

4. Classical Conditioning: a form of learning that involves the use of a stimulus to generate a specific response
Classical conditioning can help people adapt to the environment and can help eliminate troubling fears or other behaviors

5. Russian psychologist Ivan Pavlov pioneered research into a form of learning known as classical conditioning
In classical conditioning, one stimulus causes a response that is usually caused by another stimulus

6. Pavlov’s Dogs – Famous Experiment
Pavlov used dogs in his studies of classical conditioning
He trained the dogs to associate the sound of a bell with food
They learned that the sound of the bell meant food was coming
YouTube - Classical Conditioning - Ivan Pavlov

7. I. Classical Conditioning

8. I. Classical Conditioning

9. Pupil Dilation
Get as close to my desk as possible so you can stare in to this bright light….
We will do this 30 times.
Get a partner
Stare into each others eyes
I will play a sound and then turn off the lights several times.
See what happens when I play the sound and then DON’T turn off the lights.
Are you conditioned?

10. Stimulus and Response
US - Unconditioned Stimulus: a stimulus that causes a response that is automatic, not learned
UR - Unconditioned Response: caused by an unconditioned stimulus
CR - Conditioned Response: a learned response to a neutral stimulus

11. Conditioned Emotional Response (CER)
CS - Conditioned Stimulus: a previously neutral stimulus that causes a conditioned response
Conditioned Emotional Response (CER)
Emotional responses are classically conditioned to a previously neutral stimulus
CyberPsych, Alcohol and Ads Video

12. Think of yourself
What is something you have learned to REALLY like or REALLY dislike?
Identify for:
US___________________________
UR___________________________
CR___________________________
CS __________________________

13. Think of yourself
What is something you have learned to REALLY like or REALLY dislike?
Identify for:
US high school girl friend/holding hands/physical contact
UR giddy, butterflys in my stomach, sweaty palms
CR giddy, butterflys in my stomach, sweaty palms
CS Sunflowers Perfume

14. Adapting to the Environment Taste Aversions
Learned response to a particular food
One-trial learning – so you don’t DIE!
Extinction
Disappearance of conditioned response when unconditioned stimulus no longer follows conditioned stimulus

15. Spontaneous Recovery  Reappearance of an extinguished conditioned response after some time has passed
Generalization  The tendency to respond in the same way to stimuli that have similar characteristics
Discrimination  The act of responding differently to stimuli that are not similar to each other

16. Little Albert

17. Applications of Classical Conditioning - Reducing Fears Flooding
Exposing a person to the harmless stimulus until fear responses to that stimulus are extinguished (snakes)
Systematic Desensitization
Person is taught relaxation techniques
While using techniques, the person is gradually exposed to the fear stimulus (snakes)
Counterconditioning
Pleasant stimulus is paired with an unpleasant one to counteract the fear response.

18. How to Train a Brain: Crash Course Psychology #11

19. Exit Slip

20. Agenda - Day 2 Operant Conditioning
To Get:
Guided notes
To Do:
Opener: B.F. Skinner
Lecture: Operant Conditioning
Activity: Operant Conditioning w/ Disney
Lecture Review

21. Opener 1. Who was B.F. Skinner? 2. What concept did he pioneer?
3. Give an example from the video of one type of reinforcement
4. How is positive and negative used a non-traditional way in this type of psychology?

22. pioneer in the research of Operant Conditioning
B.F. Skinner
pioneer in the research of Operant Conditioning
Operant Conditioning depends on the use of reinforcements and a schedule to execute them
Operant conditioning
when people and animals learn through the consequences of their behavior

23. Principles of operant conditioning
can be applied to help people or animals learn to combine a series of simple steps or actions to form complex behaviors
Operant conditioning will occur when people or animals have learned to respond to a certain situation

24. people learn to continue or eliminate behaviors based on what happens after the behavior
People learn from the consequences of their actions
Voluntary responses are conditioned

25. Studied operant conditioning by using the “Skinner Box”
Skinner’s Experiment
Studied operant conditioning by using the “Skinner Box”
His experiment demonstrated reinforcement, or the process by which a stimulus (food) increases the chances that a preceding behavior (a rat pressing a lever) will occur again
Knowledge of results is often all the reinforcement that people need to learn new skills

26. Reinforcement
Strengthening of a response, will increase the chances of a behavior being repeated
Positive reinforcers increase the frequency of a behavior when presented
Person receives something he or she wants following the behavior
Negative reinforcers increase the frequency of a behavior when they are removed
Behavior is reinforced because something unwanted stops happening or is removed following the behavior
Examples:
Doing laundry so your spouse stops yelling at you
Dog learning tricks for treats

27. Rewards and Punishments
Rewards  Like positive reinforcement, rewards help encourage learning
Some psychologists, however, prefer positive reinforcement
Treats vs. Praise
Problems?
Punishments  different from negative reinforcers
Punishments are unwanted events that decrease the frequency of the behavior they follow
Spanking of children
May only perform the behavior when a reward is presented, no reward, not compliance.
May only perform the behavior when the threat of punishment is present. Spanking? I can’t spank you at school…

28. Operant Conditioning Disney Style…
Clip:___________________________
Style:_________________________
Explanation:____________________

29. When and how often the reinforcement occurs Types:
Effectiveness
The effectiveness of reinforcement depends on the schedule of reinforcement
When and how often the reinforcement occurs
Types:
Continuous reinforcement is the reinforcement of a behavior every time the behavior occurs
Continuous reinforcement is not always practical or possible
Partial reinforcement - not reinforced every time the behavior occurs

30. Interval Schedules
Fixed - Interval Schedule: a fixed amount of time must elapse between reinforcements - predictable
Practice behavior at certain times
Variable – Interval Schedule: varying amounts of time go by between reinforcements - unpredictable
Practice behavior consistently

31. Lecture Review
1. Stopping an electric shock by pressing a lever is an example of ______________ conditioning.
2. Receiving a treat after performing a behavior is an example of __________________ conditioning.
3. What is a danger of using rewards as a reinforce?