1.Compare and contrast organic molecules and inorganic molecules. Organic - All contain Carbon Inorganic - Generally do not contain carbon

2. What is the chemical formula for glucose? C 6 H 12 O 6 3. What is the difference between a molecule and a macromolecule? ●A molecule is two or more atoms held together by bonds ●A macromolecule is a very large molecule often consisting of many simpler molecular units.

4. What are the four main types of organic macromolecules? Carbohydrates Proteins Lipids Nucleic acids

5. What three elements make up carbohydrates and in what ratio will they be in? (How many atoms of carbon for each atom of Hydrogen, etc.) Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen 1:2:1

6. The main use of carbohydrates is for energy. Where is this found in the carbohydrate molecule? In the chemical bonds that hold the molecule together

7. Explain the differences between monosaccharides, disaccharides, and polysaccharides. Give examples of each. Mono - One simple sugar molecule = Glucose Di - Two simple sugars molecules combining to form a new sugar molecule = Sucrose Poly - many simple sugars connected to form a large complex molecule = Starch

8. Explain why Carbohydrates could be considered the foundation of lipids, proteins and nucleic acids. By adding elements such as nitrogen and phosphorus to the long carbon chains, these types of molecules can be produced.

9. Where do humans get most of their carbohydrates? Diet 10. What is the storage molecule for glucose in animals and where is this stored? ●Glycogen and stored in the liver

11. Why can’t humans use the carbohydrate cellulose? Because we lack the enzyme needed to digest it, or break it apart.

12. List the types of lipids and their uses in the body. Give an example of each. Fats - energy storage = body fat Steroids - cell communication = hormones Phospholipids - structural functions = cell membranes

13. What are the main building blocks that make up fat molecules? Glycerol and three fatty-acid chains

14. Explain the difference between saturated fats and unsaturated fats. Give examples of where each is located in our diet. Saturated fats have all of the carbon atoms in the fatty acid chains attached to as many hydrogen atoms as possible Fats and oils that are solid at room temperature Unsaturated fats have will have some carbon atoms forming double bonds between themselves and will not have as many hydrogens as possible. Fats and oils that are liquids at room temperature

15. Two jars of peanut butter are sitting on the shelf next to each other. One has a layer of oil on the top and the other doesn’t. Your little brother or sister asks you why they aren’t the same. Write down your explanation.

16. What are the building blocks of proteins? How many kinds of these building blocks are there? Amino Acids = There are thousands and thousands of different kinds of proteins in the body. How are these proteins structurally different? ●They contain different Numbers, Orders, and Kinds of amino acids

18. What determines a protein’s function? The shape of the molecule. 19. How is the shape of a protein molecule determined? ●The different Numbers, Orders, and Kinds of amino acids

20. Give brief examples of the functions of proteins. Structural = used in building cells and tissues Transportation = moves material into and out of cells Enzymes = Chemical reactions

21. Which type of proteins are involved in chemical reactions? Enzymes

22. Give the Acronym and the full name of the two nucleic acid molecules. RNA = Ribonucleic Acid DNA = Deoxyribonucleic Acid 23. What are the monomer, building blocks of nucleic acids called? ●Nucleotides

24. Name and describe the shape of the DNA molecule. Double helix = spiral staircase, twisted ladder, corkscrew 25. What is a particular section, which code for a protein molecule, called in a DNA molecule? ●Gene

26. Describe the function of DNA. Information Carrier - the genetic blueprint for the life of an organism