1. Macromolecule Review

2. What are the four categories of biological compounds?

3. Carbohydrates Proteins Lipids Nucleic acids

4. What is a common term for carbohydrates?

5. Sugars

6. What elements are found in all four macromolecules?

7. Carbon Hydrogen oxygen

8. What element do proteins and nucleic acids have in common that are not a significant component of lipids and carbohydrates?

9. Nitrogen-that’s one thing that makes them similar to each other!

10. Name 2 functions of carbohydrates

11. Energy metabolism Cell-cell communication Structural components of cells

12. What’s the difference between a mono, di and polysaccharide?

13. The number of monosaccharides bonded together (1 alone, 2 bonded, more than 2 bonded)

14. Name 2 polysaccharides

15. Starch Cellulose Glycogen

16. Name 2 monosaccharides

17. Glucose Fructose

18. What is the one characteristic that ALL lipids have in common?

19. Part or all of them is hydrophobic – Hydrophobic means does not dissolve in water – Water is polar and lipids are non polar-therefore they do not mix

20. Give at least two examples of lipids

21. Fats Oils Phospholipids Saturated Unsaturated

22. Chose 1 – Saturated/unsaturated fats have at least one double bond between carbon atoms

23. unsaturated

24. Which lipid makes up the majority of your cell membranes?

25. Phospholipids

26. Name two functions of lipids

27. Energy Storage Protection & Cushioning of Body Organs Structural Components of Membranes Chemical Messengers (hormones)

28. What is the maximum number of covalent bonds can carbon form?

29. FOUR – This is important because it can form long chains, bond with other elements, make shapes like rings and branched sheets. – Versatility allows carbon to be the backbone of most molecules – It can form single, double and triple bonds with other atoms

30. Which molecule will be used first for energy? – carbohydrates or lipids

31. Carbohydrates – They are easier to break apart and are in the correct form to be used to make energy

32. Name a function of proteins

33. Enzymes Structural Proteins Chemical Messengers Hormones Antibodies

34. What are the functions of nucleic acids?

35. Genetic Instruction Set (DNA) Protein Synthesis (DNA & RNA)

36. All organic compounds contain which element?

37. Carbon – Carbon is considered the common thing all organic molecules have in common. – Inorganic structures generally do not contain carbon

38. Name 1 disaccharide

39. Sucrose lactose

40. Amino acids are to _____________ as nucleotides are to nucleic acids

41. Proteins

42. Long chains of hydrogen and carbon atoms can most likely be found in which macromolecules?

43. Lipids – Long chains of hydrocarbons are very non-polar and defining characteristic of lipids

44. Name the two nucleic acids

45. DNA and RNA – ATP are nucleotides similar to the nucleotides that make up DNA and RNA – ATP doesn’t come together to form nucleic acids – ATP has 3 phosphates that when broken release energy and when created store energy

46. Which of the following is considered insoluble in water? – Proteins – Lipids – Nucleic acids – carbohydrates

47. Lipids