1. What are the four types of biomolecules?
Section 2.3 Biomolecules
What are the four types of biomolecules?

2. Biomolecules
Molecules are either inorganic compounds or organic compounds
Organic-has carbon
Inorganic-no carbon
Why is carbon so special?
It can form 4 bonds with other atoms. It loves to COVALENTLY BOND!
It can form single, double, and triple bonds.

3. There are 4 types of biomolecules in our bodies
Carbohydrates
Lipids (fats)
Proteins
Nucleic acid (DNA)
These are large molecules (polymer) that are made up of smaller building blocks (monomers)
Polymers are made of monomers.

4. Proteins Elements: C, H, O, N, or S (sulfur)
Structure: look for N or S
What do they do
Hemoglobin in your blood that carries oxygen
Muscles, tendons, hair
Defend body from microorganisms
Control chemical reactions-enzymes
Carry out almost all of the body’s everyday functions
Building block-amino acids

5. Carbohydrates Elements-C, H, O
Function: Main source of energy, gives plants tough structure
Examples: sugars and starches, glycogen, sucrose, glucose, cellulose
Shape-rings connected
Building Block-monosaccharide or simple sugars (glucose)

6. Different types of carbohydrates
Based on size
Monosaccharide-one sugar
Glucose, galactose (found in milk), fructose (found in fruit)
Disaccharide-two sugars
lactose
Polysaccharide-many sugars
Cellulose-makes plants have a rigid structure
Glycogen-animal starch

7. Lipids (Fats) Not a polymer Elements-C, H, O
Why?
Elements-C, H, O
Has the most energy but we can’t consume tons of fat; part of membranes; insulation
Structure-long chain of carbons attached
Examples: cholesterol, wax, steroids, oils
Building Block-fatty acids and glycerol

8. Saturated vs. Unsaturated
Saturated-bad for you; causes cholesterol problems, clogged arteries; solid at room temperature; lard
Unsaturated-liquid at room temperature; not as bad for you; olive oil, canola oil, peanut oil
Trans fat-type of unsaturated; causes coronary heart disease

9. Nucleic Acids Tell your cells how to function
Contains the genetic information
DNA (deoxyribose sugar) and RNA (ribose sugar)
Building blocks: nucleotides
Elements: C, H, O, N, P