The Speech Cycle Mental Level Physiological Level Acoustic Level feedback loop sensory neurons ear sensory neurons motor neurons ear Signal is initiated in speaker’s brain Signal articulated by the speech organs Sound waves travel through the air Listener detects the sound waves Signal is interpreted by listener’s brain Linguistics 450/550: Introduction to Phonetics Slides by Richard Wright & Dan McCloy, University of Washington

ALTERNATE VERSION The Speech Cycle feedback loop 1. Signal initiates in speaker’s brain 5. Signal interpreted by listener’s brain 2. Signal articulated by the speech organs motor neurons ear sensory neurons 3. Sound waves travel through the air sensory neurons 4. Listener detects the sound waves feedback loop ear Linguistics 450/550: Introduction to Phonetics Slides by Richard Wright & Dan McCloy, University of Washington

Vowel Articulations Overlay STATIC VERSION Vowel Articulations Overlay i ɪ ɛ æ a ʊ u

Vowel Articulations Overlay This slide is animated Vowel Articulations Overlay i ɪ ɛ æ a ʊ u

English Consonant Places of Articulation Postalveolar Region palatoalveolar / ʃ ʒ ʧ ʤ / retroflex / ɹ / alveolar / t d n s z l ɾ / palatal / j / velar / k ɡ ŋ / bilabial / p b m w / labiodental / f v / interdental / θ ð / glottal / ʔ h /

Graphics Repository States of the Glottis voiceless - narrow voiceless - wide breathy modal creaky

Graphics Repository Ear Diagram

Graphics Repository Medium Head

Graphics Repository Large Head

Graphics Repository Large Oral/Nasal Tract

Graphics Repository Anterior Oral Tract

Graphics Repository Alveolar Click Sequence Linguistics 450/550: Introduction to Phonetics Slides by Richard Wright & Dan McCloy, University of Washington

Graphics Repository Bilabial Stops Voicing is indicated by “wavy” glottis edges Graphics Repository Bilabial Stops p b m Linguistics 450/550: Introduction to Phonetics Slides by Richard Wright & Dan McCloy, University of Washington

Graphics Repository Alveolar Stops Voicing is indicated by “wavy” glottis edges Graphics Repository Alveolar Stops t d n Linguistics 450/550: Introduction to Phonetics Slides by Richard Wright & Dan McCloy, University of Washington

Graphics Repository Palatal Stops Voicing is indicated by “wavy” glottis edges Graphics Repository Palatal Stops c ɟ ɲ Linguistics 450/550: Introduction to Phonetics Slides by Richard Wright & Dan McCloy, University of Washington

Graphics Repository Velar Stops Voicing is indicated by “wavy” glottis edges Graphics Repository Velar Stops k ɡ ŋ Linguistics 450/550: Introduction to Phonetics Slides by Richard Wright & Dan McCloy, University of Washington

Graphics Repository Uvular Stops Voicing is indicated by “wavy” glottis edges Graphics Repository Uvular Stops q ɢ ɴ Linguistics 450/550: Introduction to Phonetics Slides by Richard Wright & Dan McCloy, University of Washington

Graphics Repository Labiodental and Interdental Fricatives Voicing is indicated by “wavy” glottis edges Graphics Repository Labiodental and Interdental Fricatives f v θ ð Linguistics 450/550: Introduction to Phonetics Slides by Richard Wright & Dan McCloy, University of Washington

Graphics Repository Alveolar Fricatives Voicing is indicated by “wavy” glottis edges Graphics Repository Alveolar Fricatives s z s̻ z̻ Linguistics 450/550: Introduction to Phonetics Slides by Richard Wright & Dan McCloy, University of Washington

Graphics Repository Palatoalveolar Fricatives Voicing is indicated by “wavy” glottis edges Graphics Repository Palatoalveolar Fricatives ṣ ẓ ʃ ʂ Linguistics 450/550: Introduction to Phonetics Slides by Richard Wright & Dan McCloy, University of Washington

Graphics Repository Palatal and Velar Fricatives Voicing is indicated by “wavy” glottis edges Graphics Repository Palatal and Velar Fricatives ç ʝ x ɣ Linguistics 450/550: Introduction to Phonetics Slides by Richard Wright & Dan McCloy, University of Washington

Graphics Repository Uvular and Pharyngeal Fricatives Voicing is indicated by “wavy” glottis edges Graphics Repository Uvular and Pharyngeal Fricatives χ ʁ ħ ʕ Linguistics 450/550: Introduction to Phonetics Slides by Richard Wright & Dan McCloy, University of Washington

Graphics Repository Vowel Articulations 1 ɪ ɛ æ Linguistics 450/550: Introduction to Phonetics Slides by Richard Wright & Dan McCloy, University of Washington

Graphics Repository Vowel Articulations 2 ʊ u Linguistics 450/550: Introduction to Phonetics Slides by Richard Wright & Dan McCloy, University of Washington