+ OLH Unit 1 Introduction

+ Words to Master ant ī qua, adj., ancient, old (antique) et, conj., and; et…et, both…and l ā ta, adj., broad, wide (latitude) lingua, -ae, f., tongue, language (linguist) m ā gna, adj., large, great (magnitude) multa, adj., much; pl., many (multitude) n ō n, adv., not (nonentity) puella, -ae, f., “girl” pulchra, adj., pretty, beautiful (pulchritude) sed, conj., but via, -ae, f., road, street, way (viaduct) villa, -ae, f., farmhouse, country house, farm (villa)

+ Sentence Patterns Via est (is) via R ō m ā na (Roman). Via R ō m ā na n ō n est l ā ta. Via R ō m ā na n ō n est l ā ta sed est pulchra. Viae R ō m ā nae sunt (are) pulchrae sed sunt ant ī quae. Multae villae R ō m ā nae sunt magnae et pulchrae. Lingua R ō m ā na est ant ī qua et pulchra. Viae et villae et puellae R ō m ā nae sunt pulchrae.

+ The farmhouse is a Roman farmhouse. The Roman farmhouse is large and beautiful. Many farmhouses are broad and large. The Roman language is ancient, but it is (est) beautiful. The streets are not wide, but they are pretty.

+ The Genitive Case The possessive case In English, possession or ownership is indicated by the letter -s, used as either as –’s or –s’ the farmer’s cottage/the cottage of the farmer (singular) the farmers’ cottage/the cottage of the farmers (plural)

+ Possessive Adjectives mea: my tua: your (sing.) nostra: our vestra: your (pl.)

+ Person, Number, and Gender Person 1 st Person: I, we 2 nd Person: you 3 rd Person: he, she, it, they Number Singular (1) Plural (more than 1) Gender Masculine Feminine Neuter

+ Words to Master domina, -ae, f. “mistress, lady” f ē mina, -ae, f. “woman” (feminine) incola, -ae, m. & f. “inhabitant” (colony) ī nsula, -ae, f. “island” (insulate) l ī bera, adj. “free” (liberate) paene, adv. “almost”; paen ī nsula, -ae, f. “peninsula” parva, adj., “small, little” patria, -ae, f., “fatherland, country, native land” (repatriate) -que, conj. “and” r ē g ī na, -ae, f. “queen” serva, -ae, f., “female slave, handmaid” (servile) terra, -ae, f. “earth, land, country” (territory)

+ Sentence Patterns Am ē rica, patria nostra, est terra l ī bera m ā gnaque. Hibernia, terra l ī bera, est ī nsula parva sed pulchra. Ī nsula tua, Ō R ē g ī na, est pulchra et l ī bera! Domina est incola Ī taliae; m ā gnae paen ī nsulae. Patria mea est paen ī nsula; patria tua n ō n est paen ī nsula.

+ Homework: Translate into Latin The inhabitants of America are free. Beautiful Italy is almost an island. Greece, a country of Europe, is a small peninsula. The women of our native land are beautiful. O Lady, your slaves are small; my slaves are large.

+ Verbs A verb is the MOST IMPORTANT word of a Latin sentence It tells what the subject does or what is done to the subject Linking Verbs Do not express feeling or action Verbs that LINK the subject with a noun or adjective in the predicate *Nouns or adjectives that follow linking verbs are ALWAYS nominative and agree with the subject Action Verbs Express action Agreement A verb must agree with its subject in person (1 st /2 nd /3 rd ) and number (singular/plural)

+ Personal Endings SingularPlural 1 st Person- ō or -m (I)-mus (we) 2 nd Person-s (you-s)-tis (you-pl) 3 rd Person-t (he/she/it)-nt (they)

+ Conjugation of the verb SUM “to be”

+ SUM facts about SUM Any form of the verb sum may be used to link the predicate noun or adjective with the subject The predicate nominative agrees with the subject in case, and usually in gender and number The predicate adjective agrees with the subject in gender, number, and case E.g., Italia est paeninsula. Italy is a peninsula. E.g., Europa et America sunt magnae. Europe and America are large.

+ Practice Hibernia et Britannia sunt insul__. Patria nostr__ est terr__ liber__. Vit__ mea in silv__ magn ā est libera. Non sum puell__ parv__. Estis amicae nostr__. Sum fili__ laeta agricol__. Es quoque amic__ naut__. In cas__ sunt multae serv__.