19 th and 20 th Century history, politics and culture Hungarian rule Hungarian rule World War I World War I Serbian Domination Serbian Domination World War II World War II Tito’s Communism Tito’s Communism The war for Independence The war for Independence

Catholicism in Croatia

Ban Jelacic

Russian Czar and his family

Fin de Siecle into 20th century Austro-Hungarian Empire, Franz Josef, Emperor

Fin de Siecle into 20th century 1895: Students burned the Hungarian flag in Zagreb 1895: Students burned the Hungarian flag in Zagreb Overseas immigration was very high Overseas immigration was very high Anti-Hungarian movement revived Anti-Hungarian movement revived Law to establish Hungarian language on the railroads Law to establish Hungarian language on the railroads

AUSTRO-HUNGARIAN EMPIRE

Fin de Siecle into 20th century Major Writers Matos, “Cameo” Matos, “Cameo” Kamov, “On Native Ground” Kamov, “On Native Ground” Krleza, “The Cricket Beneath the Water Fall” Krleza, “The Cricket Beneath the Water Fall” Nazor, “The Goddess” Nazor, “The Goddess” Tadijanovic, “An Open Window” Tadijanovic, “An Open Window” Ivana Brlic Mazuranic “The Croatian Anderson” Ivana Brlic Mazuranic “The Croatian Anderson”

In 1914 Franz Josif’s nephew was killed in Sarajevo Bosnia setting off the beginning of World War I In 1914 Franz Josif’s nephew was killed in Sarajevo Bosnia setting off the beginning of World War I.

After World War I, many Croatian, Slovenian, & Serbian politicians, including Mestrovic emigrated and founded the Yugoslav Committee to persuade the Entente to prevent Italian annexation of parts of Croatia as promised in a secret London agreement After World War I, many Croatian, Slovenian, & Serbian politicians, including Mestrovic emigrated and founded the Yugoslav Committee to persuade the Entente to prevent Italian annexation of parts of Croatia as promised in a secret London agreement

Emigration of Croats to the US After World War I, many Croatian, Slovenian, & Serbian politicians, including Mestrovic emigrated and founded the Yugoslav Committee to persuade the Entente to prevent Italian annexation of parts of Croatia as promised in a secret London agreement. Bust of Nikola Tesla in 1939

Attempts were made to unite the South Slaves which included in Serbs and Slovenes. They believed they could be more successful than their parents Attempts were made to unite the South Slaves which included in Serbs and Slovenes. They believed they could be more successful than their parents The attempt at unification ended in terrible animosity and bloodshed. The attempt at unification ended in terrible animosity and bloodshed. In this state of internal turmoil, their neighbors were able to take over. In this state of internal turmoil, their neighbors were able to take over.

THE WAR FOR INDEPENDENCE

In 1991, Croatia declared independence from Yugoslavia Franko Tudman, President

The War for Independence The European Commission urged a 3 month moratorium The European Commission urged a 3 month moratorium Serbian forces (from the former Yugoslav army) held one third of the country and most of the weaponry Serbian forces (from the former Yugoslav army) held one third of the country and most of the weaponry “Ethnic cleansing” ensued. “Ethnic cleansing” ensued.

By December, several countries recognized Croatia’s independence By December, several countries recognized Croatia’s independence In 1992, a UN Protection force came in to enforce a cease fire. In 1992, a UN Protection force came in to enforce a cease fire. The army moved to Bosnia and Herzegovia to take over that area The army moved to Bosnia and Herzegovia to take over that area Croatia joined the UN in May 1992 Croatia joined the UN in May 1992 The conflict ended with the Dayton Accord in 1995 The conflict ended with the Dayton Accord in 1995

Christmas 1991 Slavko Mihalic Christmas eve, silence in the crib. If the people were real I would say that in such A night a standstill of time is quite natural. Or They are all convulsed at the scream of the sirens, of the first Explosions of the shells that are falling on the town again. But no, these are only pieces of wood carved With the unskilled peasant’s hand: Jesus, Mary, Joseph, Three Wise Men, shepherds with their kettle, and high up A few angels fastened to the ceiling. One could not say of them that they are dying Of fear. They are only nobly watching our Sorrow, even our inability, the vast emptiness of the room Around the Christmas tree, the forlornness of the apples, Of the figs for which nobody is reaching. I feel that even the candle does not want to light. And in this silence, in this stillness, I know well That somebody will speak. That some wood in the crib Will cry my tears and that there will still be Christmas tonight.