1. Nation-states vs Nationless States
Conflict in the Former Yugoslavia

2. Nation vs. State
Nation: a group of people with a common culture living in one area
State: an independent unit that controls it affairs, also known as a country
Nation-state: when a nation and state are in the same place

3. Stateless Nation
Occurs when a group of people with a common culture do not have their own country.

4. Is it possible to have a nation without a state?
YES!
Examples:
Palestinians
Kurds
Basques

5. Label Your Map Use the outline Provided in your pack to
Label the following countries on your outline map: Albania, Bosnia & Herzegovina, Croatia, Macedonia, Montenegro, Serbia, Slovenia, Kosovo

6. Europe 1560

7. Europe 1648

8. Europe WWI

9. Europe WWII

10. Europe Cold War

11. History
Kingdoms of Serbia, Croats, and Slovenes united under the Serbian king after WWI
Many ethnic groups and religions were brought together
Serbs- Serbian Orthodox (Christian)
Bosniak- Muslim
Croat- Christian
Slovene- Christian
Albanian (Kosovo)- Muslim
WWII Name was changed to Yugoslavia- “Land of the Slavs”

12. History- Tito’s Yugoslavia
Josip Bros Tito- became dictator of Yugoslavia (communist)- forced Germany out
Promoted Yugoslav nationalism
Brought political stability
Suppressed ethnic tensions
Died in 1980

13. Yugoslavia Begins to Crumble
After Tito’s death- leadership rotated between presidents of the republics in Yugoslavia- Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Macedonia, Montenegro, Serbia, and Slovenia
Wanted to help their own republics at the expense of Yugoslavia as a whole
Economic instability- foreign debt

14. Stable Past? Understanding Yugoslavia Before the Genocide
Before the Genocide

15. Ethnic Makeup Ethnic Makeup Religious Makeup
Bosnia 48% Bosniak 40% Muslim
37% Serb 31% Orthodox Christian
14.3% Croat 15% Catholic
Croatia 89.6% Croat 88% Catholic
4.5% Serb % Orthodox Christian
1.3% Muslim
Serbia 83% Serb 85% Serbian Orthodox
4% Hungarian 5.5% Catholic
1.4% Romany 3.2% Muslim
1.1% Yugoslav
1.1% Bosniak
Macedonia 64% Macedonian 65% Macedonian Orthodox
25% Albanian 33% Muslim
3.9% Turk

16. Ethnic Makeup Ethnic Makeup Religion
Montenegro 43% Montenegrin Religious data not available
32 % Serbian
8% Bosniak
5% Albania
Kosovo 88% Albanians 90% Muslim
8% Kosovo Serbs Serbian Orthodox
4% other ethnic groups. Roman Catholic
Slovenia 83% Slovene 58% Roman Catholic
2% Serb 2% Muslim
2% Croat 2% Orthodox
1%Bosnian
12% Other or undeclared

17. Slobodan Milosevic 1986- Slobodan Milosevic (Serb) came to power
Promoted Serbian nationalism and the creation of a Greater Serbia- offended non-Serbs
Led to declarations of independence, War in Croatia, War in Bosnia, and War in Kosovo
June Slovenia and Croatia (Serb minority) declared independence
November Macedonia declared independence
March Bosnia and Herzegovina (Serb minority) declared independence

18. War in Croatia
Croatia purged the public administration of all Serbs- offended Serbs, reminded them of WWII when Croats helped Nazis killed them.
Hostilities led to war
Yugoslav’s Army supported Serbs- took control of 1/3 of Croatia and killed many
Many Serbs were killed or fled the area
UN negotiated a cease fire in 1992
1995- Croatia reclaimed land; war ended; UN aid

19. War in Bosnia
After declaration of independence, Serbs (large minority) launched a war to stop it
Ethnic cleansing- Serbs killed Bosnians and Croats- tried to eliminate ethnic group
NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization- military alliance) began air strikes against Serbs
1995- cease-fire and peace treaty- Bosnia remained independent

20. War in Kosovo
Milosevic tried to gain complete control of Kosovo and wipe out non- Serb ethnic groups- mainly Albanian here
Kosovo Liberation Army (KLO) fought back
1998- ethnic cleansing escalated- U.S., U.K. and others imposed economic sanctions- didn’t stop killings
1999- NATO launched air strikes- led to a peace treaty
Declared independence in 2008 from Serbia- only 85 countries recognize it; Serbia does not

21. Conflict
Warning, the following video contains graphic information. Viewer Discretion is Advised.

22. Response to Conflict
International Response to the Genocide United Nations Response NY Times article: "UN Will Add NATO Troops to Bosnia Force"

23. Aftermath
After the Bosnian Genocide:         Article: Are there similarities between Syria today and Bosnia in the 1990's?