Chapter 3 Colonial America

Lesson 1: Roanoke and Jamestown The Mystery of Roanoke 1584 Queen Elizabeth gave Sir Walter Raleigh the right to claim land in North America The settlers he sent landed on an island called Roanoke in North Carolina. At the time Raleigh called this area Virginia Raleigh sent John White to lead the group, White had a daughter born in Virginia, she was named Virginia Dare- the first English child born in North America White returned to England and when he came back Roanoke was deserted. The colonist were never seen again

Success at Jamestown King James I, gave a charter= a document that granted the right to form a colony In 1607 The Virginia Company- a joint-stock company=investors bought shares, or part ownership, was granted the charter The colonist entered Chesapeake Bay, and named their settlement Jamestown

Jamestown was led by Captain John Smith. Smith forced settlers to work and built ties with the Powhatan people The colony grew, the company gave a headright=land grant of 50 acres to settlers who paid their own way. Many people came In 1619 The Virginia Company made their own government and land owners cast ballots for burgesses=representatives The company was not making enough money so the King took control of it and made it a royal colony=directly under the government

Lesson 2: New England Colonies Seeking Religious Freedom New Colonies

Seeking Religious Freedom Remember Henry VIII and his new Anglican Church? Well, ther were many people that dissented-disagreed with the new church. Some were Catholics some protestant. Puritans-protestants that want to reform the Anglican Church Separatist-those who sought to set up their own churches Separatist were persecuted-mistreated because of their beliefs

Pilgrims settle Plymouth 1620-Pilgrims-group of separatist that decided to move to America A pilgrim is someone who makes a religious journey The pilgrims got a land grant from the Virginia Company, they boarded the Mayflower but drifted off course and landed in Massachusetts on Cape Cod. They called the place Plymouth, after where they left from in England

Mayflower Compact When they realized they were not in Virginia the pilgrims decided to sign the Mayflower Compact to set up an organized government Everyone had to sign the document and promise to obey the laws

New Colonies Puritans formed the Massachusetts Bay Company, they received a royal charter to establish a colony John Winthrop became the colony’s governor and in 1630 they settled in a place called Boston During the 1630s, more than 15,000 Puritans journeyed to Massachusetts to escape England Winthrop and his assistances made the colony laws but people demanded a larger role In 1634, adult male church members were allowed to vote for the governor and representatives. Later, property ownership became a requirement for voting The Puritans came to America for religion but they did not have any tolerance-the ability to accept or put up with different views or behaviors

Connecticut and Rhode Island People started moving to the west where there was more fertile land. Thomas Hooker founded the Connecticut colony in 1636 In 1639 they made a plan of government called the Fundamental Orders of Connecticut- the first written constitution in America Roger Williams believed the government should not force people to worship a certain way and he said it was wrong to take Indian land He left Massachusetts, bought land from Natives and founded a Providence, Rhode Island in It was the first place you could worship freely In 1638 John Wheelwright founded New Hampshire It became a colony in 1679

Conflict with Natives The settlers of New England kept moving into native lands without permission or payment. In 1675 Wampanoag leader Metacomet waged a war against New England. Metacomet was called King Philip King Philip’s War lasted 14 months. The colonist won and they continued expanding their land

Lesson 3: The Middle Colonies New York New Jersey Pennsylvania Delaware

New York and New Jersey Now England had Virginia and New England, there was land in the middle. The land in the middle was under Dutch control and called New Netherland The main settlement was New Amsterdam (NYC). Because of the rivers, it became a shipping center The Dutch West India Company controlled it and wanted people to settle it Patroons-landowners who received grants for bringing in settlers

New Netherland becomes New York England wanted the land. In 1664 they sent a fleet to attack. Peter Stuyvesant was the Dutch governor, he surrendered the colony King Charles gave the colony to his brother, the Duke of York, renamed it New York New York was a proprietary colony-colony that is property of an owner NY was diverse, Dutch, English, German, Swedish and the first Jewish people.

Founding New Jersey The Duke of York decided to divide his colony. He gave land between the Hudson and Delaware Rivers to Lord John Berkeley and Sir George Carteret. They named the land New Jersey after the English island of Jersey. NJ was not profitable and in 1702 it became a royal colony

Pennsylvania and Delaware Quakers- a protestant group founded the colony of Pennsylvania 1680 William Penn, received the land in payment for a debt King Charles owed Pennsylvania- Penn’s Woods, was a holy experiment, for Quakers to live freely Quakers were pacifists-people who refuse to use force or fight in wars Philadelphia became its major city Many people from Sweden settled in the southern part of the colony. Penn allowed them to make their own rules their but still be under Pennsylvania The Swedes called it Delaware

Lesson 4: The Southern Colonies Virginia Maryland Carolinas Georgia

Virginia and Maryland White landowners brought 20 slaves in 1619 to work on tobacco which was in high demand Indentured servants-people who worked in order to pay for their trip to America

Founding Maryland Sir George Calvert, Lord Baltimore founded Maryland for Catholics. It was a proprietary colony Calvert and Penn in Pennsylvania argued over the boundary. Two men, Mason and Dixon mapped the boundary and the line became known as the Mason-Dixon Line Maryland Protestants outnumbered Catholics. When it became a royal colony in 1692 Catholics faced the same restriction they had in england

Rebellion in Virginia Virginia Goveonor William Berkely made a deal with natives. A large piece of land for a promise note to push farther west. Bacon’s rebellion- a fight over land rights in Virginia Nathaniel bacon was a planter and opposed the government because it was dominated by easterners. Westerners wanted more land. In 1676 Bacon led attacks on Natives, his army marched to Jamestown to drive out Berkeley. He burned Jamestown but later died. Troops came in and restored order.

Two Carolinas 1663 King Charles II created a proprietary colony south of Virginia called Carolina – latin for “Charles’s land” He gave the colony to 8 noblemen John Locke set up a constitution

Farmers from Virginian settled in the north of Carolina and grew tobacco. There were no good harbors so the farmers went to Virginia ports In the south, they had the harbor in Charles Town (Charleston) This separation led to the development of two royal colonies North and South Carolina in 1729 Two major crops grew: rice and indigo- a plant that made dye for clothes

Georgia Georgia was founded in 1733, the last colony by James Oglethorpe. He received a Charter from King George II to start a colony where debtors- those who owed money and poor people could go Georgia was also made to block any Spanish attack from Florida, forst were build It became a royal colony in 1751