Psychology and Success Chapter 1 “ What lies behind us and what lies before us are small matters compared to what lies within us.” Ralph Waldo Emerson, Philosopher © 2010 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved. McGraw-Hill

1-2 Learning Objectives Define success. List several personal qualities that help people to be happy. Define psychology and cite its four major goals. Explain the relationship between thoughts, feelings, and actions. Define self, self-image, and identity. Describe the components of identity.

1-3 Psychology: the scientific study of behavior and cognition Success: a lifetime of personal fulfillment. On a scrap sheet of paper: Define psychology. Define success. Lecture Preparedness Exercise

1-4 Psychology and Success? Now, see if you can: Find the relationship(s) between psychology and success? What about the relationship between success and happiness? How would you define happiness? Do you have to be successful to be happy? Do you have to be happy to be successful?

1-5 Success and Happiness Happiness: The natural experience of winning your self-respect and the respect of others. The emotional state of being happy, the neurological experience of pleasure, and happiness in social networks are three different understandings of happiness. Your “happiness level” depends on all three. About 50% of your happiness depends on your genes, or your neurological experience of pleasure. About 10% of happiness is based on extraneous factors such as money, marital status, health, sex life, etc. The remaining 40% is a combination of emotional states and social networks, but it is the result of actions that individuals deliberately engage in to become happier. The bottom line is that 40% of your happiness rests on you DOING the things that you need to do to be happy.

1-6 Doing What Makes Us Happy What is “the American Dream”? The Center for a New American Dream’s goal is a “shift of American culture away from its emphasis on consumption toward a more fulfilling, just, and sustainable way of life.”

1-7 Ingredients of Success 1. Self-Awareness: Appreciating your personal values, qualities, skills and interests. 2. Self-Direction: Setting a goal and working toward it. 3. Self-Esteem: Respecting oneself. 4. Positive Thinking: Focusing on future possibilities to propel yourself toward your goals. 5. Self-Discipline: Daily personal effort putting your plans into action. 6. Self-Motivation: Getting and staying motivated. Moving forward despite fears. 7. Positive Relationships: Healthy relationships with friends, family, and co-workers.

1-8 Explaining Human Behavior Why do people think, feel and act the way they do? Nervous system Regulates thoughts, feelings and actions. Conscious Mind The part of the brain that controls the mental processes of which we are aware. Subconscious Mind The part of the brain that controls the mental processes of which we are not actively aware.

1-9 Thoughts, Feelings, and Actions Cognition: (thought) Mental processing of information in any form. Includes: perceiving, recognizing, remembering, reasoning, solving problems, making decisions, forming concepts, visualizing. Emotion (feeling): Subjective feeling accompanied by physical and behavioral changes.

1-10 Positive and Negative Emotions

1-11 Thematic Apperception Test

1-12 Understanding Yourself Self Your sense of being a unique, conscious being, the inner core of you. Self-Image All the beliefs you have about yourself. Areas in which you have self-images include: intellectual ability, competence, creativity, sense of humor, morality, romantic appeal, physical appearance, parental relationships, close friendships, and social acceptance.

1-13 Building A Healthy Self-Image A healthy self-image is positive but realistic. Makes the best of all the things you do well. Is based on who you are right now. Does not limit who you will be next week. A complex self-image means having a variety of positive ways to see yourself.

1-14 Identity How you choose to define yourself to the world. Individual Identity The physical and psychological characteristics that distinguish you. Relational Identity How you identify yourself in relation to others. Collective Identity The sum of the social roles you play and the social groups to which you belong.

1-15 Culture, Gender and Identity Culture – the behaviors, ideas, attitudes, and traditions shared by a large social group, transmitted from one generation to the next. Gender Role – norms that define how males and females are supposed to behave. Gender Bias - treating someone differently or unfairly due to one’s gender.

1-16 Culture Individualism (Western value) people value individual goals over group goals and define their identity in terms of personal rather than group attributes People place emphasis on competing with others and standing out from those around them Tend to value their individual identity over their collective or relational identity Collectivism (Eastern value) People value group goals over individual goals and define their identity in terms of group identifications rather than personal attributions People value cooperation and harmonious interpersonal relationships more than being special or standing out from the crowd Tend to value their relational and collective identities more than their individual identity

1-17 Gender Role How do Western societies expect men and women to behave? How do Eastern societies expect men and women to behave?

1-18 Gender Bias In what ways are men and women treated differently due to their gender in Western societies? In what ways are men and women treated differently due to their gender in Eastern societies?

1-19 You and Your Social World Social Role: Norms that define how you are supposed to behave in a given situation Self-Presentation: Altering your behavior to make a good impression on others Does your identity change based upon where you are or the social group with whom you are associating? If so, is this a good or a bad thing? Does this make you “phony” if you are not the same person all the time?

1-20 Defining Your Role Researchers suggest that it is healthiest to have a combination of stereotypically masculine and feminine qualities. One profile that includes a mix of masculine and feminine qualities: logical, assertive, sensitive to the feelings of others, independent, compassionate.

1-21 Facial Expressions of Emotion Paul Ekman

1-22 For Further Study Facial Expressions Breakdown F. A.C.E. Training VIA Strengths Survey

1-23 Guest Speaker Virtual Psychotherapy