1. Nature vs. Nurture

2. Nature vs. Nurture Quiz
Answer True or False for the following questions
1. Even complex human traits are determined by a single gene
2. People’s divorce risks are about 50% attributable to genetic factors
3. Adoptees’ traits bear more similar to their adoptive parents than to their biological parents
4. Two different children in the same family are on average as different from one another as are pairs of children selected from the general population

3. Nature vs. Nurture Quiz cont
5. If after a worldwide catastrophe only Icelanders and Kenyans survived, the human species would soon be just as mixed and diverse as it is now
6. A child who hears English spoken with one accent at home and another in the neighborhood or at school adopts the accent of their peers, not their parents
7. Compared with Westerners, people in Japan exhibit greater concern for social harmony and loyalty

4. Nature vs. Nurture Quiz cont
8. Seven weeks after conception, males and females remain anatomically identical
9. Even when families discourage gender typing, children still organize themselves into “boy worlds” and “girl worlds”

5. Nature vs. Nurture Quiz Answers
1. False
2. True
3. False
4. True
5. False
6. True
7. True
8. True
9. True

6. Heredity vs. Environment
Heredity- characteristics obtained directly from the genes
Environment- person’s surroundings (which influence a person’s characteristics)
Question: Which do you think has the greatest influence? Nature? Nurture? Why?

7. Heredity Genes- basic units of heredity
Ex eye color, hair color, body build, etc.
Chromosomes- structures containing genes
All human cells contain 46 chromosomes (23 pairs), except for reproductive cells which contain 23 chromosomes (1/2 of a pair, so they can attach to the other half to make a person)

8. Gender X Chromosome Y Chromosome
In both men and women (men have 1, women have 2)
X Chromosome from each parent produces a female child
Y Chromosome
Only in men (men have 1)
Y Chromosome when paired with the X Chromosome from the mother produces a male child

9. Gender Roles Gender Role- set of expected behaviors for men and women
Gender Identity- one’s sense of being male or female

10. Evolutionary Psychology
Evolutionary Psychology- the study of the evolution of behavior and the mind, using the principles of natural selection
Natural Selection- the principle that, among the range of inherited trait variations, those that lead to increase reproduction and survival will most likely be passed on to succeeding generations

11. Evolutionary Psychology
World wide, men preferred attractive physical features suggesting youth and health and women preferred resources and social status

12. Twin Studies Used to debate “nature vs. nurture”
Identical twins- one egg that splits
the most alike any 2 people can be
Fraternal twins- 2 eggs
as different as regular
siblings or 2 random people
Read about Minnesota
Twin Study

13. Individualism vs. Collectivism
Individualism- giving priority to one’s own goals over group goals and defining one’s identity in terms of personal attributes rather than group identifications
Collectivism- giving priority to the goals of one’s group (often one’s extended family or work group) and defining one’s identity accordingly
Western cultures (America/Europe) tend to be more individualist than Eastern cultures (Asia/Africa)

14. Value Contrasts Between Individualism and Collectivism
Morality Defined by individuals Defined by social networks
(self-based) (duty-based)
Attributing Behavior reflects one’s personality Behavior reflects social
behaviors and attitudes and roles
Value Contrasts Between Individualism and Collectivism
Concept Individualism Collectivism
Self Independent Interdependent
(identity from individual traits) identity from belonging)
Life task Discover and express one’s Maintain connections, fit in
uniqueness
What matters Me--personal achievement and We-group goals and solidarity;
fulfillment; rights and liberties social responsibilities and
relationships
Coping method Change reality Accommodate to reality
Relationships Many, often temporary or casual; Few, close and enduring;
confrontation acceptable harmony valued