1. Humanistic Perspective
Carl Rogers
&
Abraham Maslow

2. The Humanistic Perspective

3. Humanistic Perspective
A perspective that focuses the individual’s self awareness and freedom to choose.
Believe people are free to choose what to do with their lives are responsible for the choices they make.
Interested in how people try to reach self-fulfillment.
Sees people as innately good.
Studies fulfilled and healthy individuals rather than troubled people

4. Humanistic Measures
Humanistic measures of personality center on evaluating a person’s self concept--all of our thought and feelings about ourselves
Answer the question “Who Am I?”

5. The Humanistic Perspective: Abraham Maslow and Self-Actualization

6. Abraham Maslow ( )
Humanistic psychologist who developed the hierarchy of needs
Believed that self-actualization (reaching your full potential) is the ultimate psychological need

7. Hierarchy of Needs
Maslow’s pyramid of human needs, beginning at the base with physiological needs, proceeding through safety needs and then to psychological needs
Higher-level needs won’t become active until lower-level needs have been satisfied.

8. Self-Actualization
According to Maslow, the need to live up to one’s fullest and unique potential
Characteristics include:
Self aware and self accepting
Open, spontaneous, loving, and caring
Not paralyzed by other’s opinions
Focused on a particular task

9. Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs

10. Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs

11. Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs

12. Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs

13. Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs

14. Another Way to Think about the Hierarchy of Needs

15. The Humanistic Perspective: Carl Rogers and the Person-Centered Approach

16. Carl Rogers ( )
Humanistic psychologist who stressed the importance of acceptance, genuineness, and empathy in fostering human growth
Believed a person must know their genuine feelings and act upon them.

17. Carl Rogers
Self-concept—The impression you have of yourself as an individual.
This is formed by recognizing what you value and through you relationships with others.
Congruence – Key to happiness. When your view of yourself what you experience from others is consistent or the same.
See yourself as outgoing and you have good relationships with others then you are congruent and happy.
Incongruence is when these don’t match. It will cause you to be anxious and upset.

18. Our Need for Self-Esteem
Rogers said we all need to believe in our self and have self respect.
This self respect depends largely on how others treat us.
Two things that influence our self-esteem
Conditional Positive Regard
Unconditional Positive Regard

19. Conditional Positive Regard
Person is valued and loved only when the he/she behaves in a way that is acceptable to others.
Rogers felt we cannot live up to the wishes of others and remain true to ourselves. We’ll only end up disappointed and incongruent.

20. Unconditional Positive Regard
An attitude of total acceptance toward another person despite their faults and failings
This leads to high self esteem and confidence in oneself.
However, Rogers did not believe in permissive parenting. He said parents can disapprove of a behavior without completely rejecting the child.

21. Genuineness
Freely expressing one’s feelings and not being afraid to disclose details about oneself

22. Empathy Sharing thoughts and understanding
Listening and reflecting the other person’s feelings

23. Unconditional Positive Regard will help to create…
Congruence – A person’s sense of self is consistent with their emotions & experiences.

24. Comparing Rogers to Freud
Rogers – Viewed people as positive, forward-moving, constructive, realistic and trustworthy.
People are innately good
Humans will choose to act in ways that serve to improve society and perpetuate the human race.
Freud – Pessimistically viewed humans as hostile, antisocial, destructive & evil
We need society restraints/laws to keep humans in line and prevent the destruction of the human race.

25. The Humanistic Perspective: Evaluating the Perspective

26. Evaluating Humanistic Perspective
Humanistic Approach focuses on the consciousness and stresses human freedom.
Critics argue that because it focuses on consciousness that it can never be a science because what a person thinks and feels cannot be scientifically studied.
Critics also point out that it does not explain the development of traits and personality types.