Nationalism: Case Studies Mr. Bach Accelerated World History

Idealism A philosophy where one is guided by set values rather than practical concerns. A philosophy where one is guided by set values rather than practical concerns.

Pragmatism A philosophy where one focuses upon practical results and adapts based on the situation. A philosophy where one focuses upon practical results and adapts based on the situation.

South American Nationalism Latin American Peoples Latin American Peoples –Peninsulares and Creoles (Spanish) – 23% –Indians – 56% –Mestizos (Spanish/Indian) – 7% –Africans – 6% –Mulattos (Spanish/African) – 7%

South American Nationalism The Power Elite The Power Elite –Peninsulares – held the most power due to birth in Spain, but formed a small fraction of the population. –Creoles – could not hold political office due to being born in America – resented the political power of the Peninsulares

South American Nationalism Simon Bolivar and Jose de San Martin (Creoles) will lead armies to bring independence to Latin American peoples. Simon Bolivar and Jose de San Martin (Creoles) will lead armies to bring independence to Latin American peoples.

The Revolutions of 1848 Many nationalist, liberal revolutions broke-out across Europe in 1848 (36 in all) Many nationalist, liberal revolutions broke-out across Europe in 1848 (36 in all) Challenged the conservative governments installed by the Congress of Vienna Challenged the conservative governments installed by the Congress of Vienna Conservative governments crushed the rebellions, but the seeds of liberalism were sowed in many new constitutions. Conservative governments crushed the rebellions, but the seeds of liberalism were sowed in many new constitutions.

Revolutions of 1848

Nationalism: France French overthrow their monarchy in 1848 and establish the Second Republic. French overthrow their monarchy in 1848 and establish the Second Republic. Louis-Napoleon elected President. Louis-Napoleon elected President.

Nationalism: France Louis-Napoleon seizes power in a coup d’etat and disbands the conservative assembly. Louis-Napoleon seizes power in a coup d’etat and disbands the conservative assembly. Restores universal male suffrage and calls on people to validate his rule (97% voted to make him hereditary emperor) Restores universal male suffrage and calls on people to validate his rule (97% voted to make him hereditary emperor) Now becomes known as Napoleon III – emperor of the Second French Empire Now becomes known as Napoleon III – emperor of the Second French Empire

Nationalism: Germany In 1848, Prussia had emerged with a liberal, bourgeois Parliament. In 1848, Prussia had emerged with a liberal, bourgeois Parliament. King Wilhelm I found it difficult to work with this Parliament and appointed Otto von Bismarck as his chancellor. King Wilhelm I found it difficult to work with this Parliament and appointed Otto von Bismarck as his chancellor.

Nationalism: Germany Otto von Bismarck Otto von Bismarck –Conservative Junker –Practice realpolitik –Obsessed with power and uniting all Germanic peoples

Nationalism: Germany Bismarck ignores Parliament and continues to collect taxes to build up Prussia’s army. Bismarck ignores Parliament and continues to collect taxes to build up Prussia’s army.

Nationalism: Germany German wars of Unification ( ) German wars of Unification ( ) –Austria and Prussia v. Denmark –Austro-Prussian War –Franco-Prussian War  Napoleon III captured by Prussia  Alsace-Lorraine goes to Germany  Wilhelm I is crowned Kaiser in Versailles –Founding of the Second Reich Germany and England now the major powers Germany and England now the major powers

Nationalism: Germany

Nationalism: Italy Italy was ruled by kings, princes, and the Pope. Italy was ruled by kings, princes, and the Pope.

Nationalism: Italy

Camilio di Cavour Camilio di Cavour –Bourgeois aristocrat who works for the King of Sardinia –Forged alliances with other Italian monarchs to bring them under control of Sardinia.

Nationalism: Italy Giuseppe Garibaldi Giuseppe Garibaldi –Freedom fighter who conquered southern Italian kingdoms so people could have self-rule. –Agreed to unite Italy under the King of Sardinia

Nationalism: Italy