1. Nationalism
September 21, 2018

2. Congress of Vienna
In 1815, following Napoleon’s exile, the Great Powers met at the Congress of Vienna
All lands taken by Napoleon were returned to their nations
A Balance Of Power Was Created in Europe
Absolute Monarchs were brought back
Revolutionary Movements were supposed to be crushed

3. Congress of Vienna Map

4. First Nationalist Movements
Two main aspects
Unification – peoples of common culture and ethnicity from different areas/countries join together to form a ethnic country
Separation – peoples of common culture and ethnicity separate from their current governments and form their own.
Liberals and Radicals led the movement to create Nation-States all over Europe

5. First Nationalist Movements
Began in the Balkans with the Greeks Rebelling against the Ottoman Empire With the help of Britain, France and Russia the Balkans became independent There were revolutions in Belgium, Italy and Russia but they were crushed !

6. THE BALKANS

7. First Nationalist Movements
IN FRANCE
Charles X attempted to establish an absolute monarchy
Charles X was REPLACED by Louis-Philippe
Louis-Philippe soon lost favor and was overthrown for a republic.

8. First Nationalist Movements
The moderates took control, elected a president and established a parliamentary system.
Louis-Napoleon (Bonaparte's nephew)
Was ELECTED President
Four Years Later He Took The Title
EMPEROR NAPOLEON III
He stabilized and INDUSTRIALIZED
FRANCE

9. Nationalism
September 21, 2018

10. German Unification
BEFORE UNIFICATION: German Lands included 39 Separate Territories with
Local Governments.
Prussia & Austria were the largest and most powerful territories with German people living in them.

11. Wilhelm I was the King of Prussia
Kisor wilhelm i
Wilhelm I was the King of Prussia
a German Territory supported by conservative Junkers.
Junker = A wealthy landowner.
Wilhelm appointed Otto Von Bismarck,
a Junker, as his PRIME MINISTER
Prime Minister = Political Leader

12. Realpolitik = ‘the politics of reality’
Bismarck
Bismarck ruled under the policy realpolitik.
Realpolitik = ‘the politics of reality’
& Decisions of the day decided by blood and iron, not by speeches and votes.
Under this policy, he embarked on a campaign of German unification

13. War in german territory
There were 3 wars for German unification
WAR # 1 Prussia and Austria vs. Denmark
Austria and Prussia formed an ALLIANCE to take land from Denmark. Prussia WON
WAR # 2 PRUSSIA vs. AUSTRIA (7 weeks war)
Bismarck created border conflicts with Austria to provoke them into declaring war on Prussia. It worked and Prussia WON!

14. the Ems Telegram German Unification was complete
War # 3: Franco-Prussian War:
Prussia vs. France
Bismarck changed the wording of A Telegram to make it appear that Wilhelm I insulted the French ambassador ( THE EMS Telegram )
The French were provoked to declare WAR. Napoleon III was defeated and
German Unification was complete

15. Franco-Prussian War Map
German Unification

16. German Unification

17. Italian Unification
Camillo di Cavour led the unification of the Northern Italian states into ONE COUNTRY
Piedmont was the largest and
most powerful Italian State.
FRANCE Helps , Cavour regain the land of Northern Italy back from Austria

18. Italian Unification
1. Giuseppe Garibaldi leader of the Red Shirts, captured Sicily in the south
2. Cavour persuaded Garibaldi to unite the Northern and Southern Territories of Italy
3. King Victor Emmanuel II led the New Italy
& Rome was its capital
4. For the next Years these Great Powers would remain at peace

19. Map of Europe 1878