The Struggle for Democracy in South Africa & Apartheid
HISTORY Cape of Good Hope = 1st Euro settlement Route to Asia, good climate, arable land, & resources Euros stayed along coast, natives moved inland Afrikaners/Boers = Dutch farmers (17th cent) British (19th cent)
Tension arose b/c Boers used slaves 1868/1885: Diamonds & gold discovered Competition for land & resources led to… Boer War (1899-1902) = Brits defeat Afrikaners National Party (1910) = Euro political party of S. Af.
APARTHEID: the separation of races Policy of National Party to maintain control over black majority White-minority rule (13%) Deprived blacks of political rights, education, & economic opportunity “Homelands” = inferior lands for blacks (poverty)
HOMELANDS
Homelands: non-whites were given less economically-productive lands that were segregated from the whites
IDENTITY CARD SYSTEM
APARTHEID RESISTANCE African National Congress (ANC) Black South Af. political party Nelson Mandela = leader became a national symbol of resistance spent 27 yrs. in South Africa’s prisons
ENDING APARTHEID 1986: Western nations imposed economic sanctions Trade barriers created to motivate political change White S. Af. business owners lost billions of $$$ Motivated change 1990: Mandela is freed
1994: Universal suffrage! Nelson Mandela became president unity govt. converted South Africa into a truly democratic nation 1997: a new constitution completed the transition from white minority rule to democracy
ECONOMY Most developed African country Basis of wealth = minerals 25% of Af’s economy Basis of wealth = minerals Gold, diamonds, uranium, etc.
URBAN GEOGRAPHY Major cities are still separated Rich white, poor black neighborhoods Integration has begun, but slowly
MODERN PROBLEMS >33% black South Africans unemployed 25% = live in inadequate housing 22% have (HIV) highest in the world = lack of education & healthcare People cannot afford expensive drug treatment 2001: Govt. began distributing anti-AIDS drugs to pregnant mothers w/HIV
THAT’S IT!