1. Afrikaners were descendants of Dutch immigrants to South
Africa. The first Dutch
settlement in South Africa
was established in 1652.
Dutch immigrants, 1652

2. But British imperialism eventually led to British
control of South Africa in 1795.
Imperialism, control

3. The British and the Boers/Afrikaners, who were descendants of the original Dutch settlers, fought several bloody wars…
Boers/Afrikaners

4. …especially after diamonds
had been found in
South African soil!

5. Of course, the British imperialists won, given the size and wealth
of the British empire.
Won, size and wealth

6. But regardless of the winner, the indigenous people of
South Africa were still denied
their land and resources.
Indigenous, land and resources

7. When the British imperialists finally left South Africa, the
Afrikaners gained control of
the South African government.
Gained, government

8. The National Party, which was the political party that enacted
Afrikaners formed
The National Party, which was
the political party that enacted
apartheid or “apartness” laws.
Political, laws

9. Apartheid was a policy of racial segregation in South Africa.

10. Under this brutal system of
segregation, black South Africans were denied access to
white schools, white beaches, white neighborhoods, and even white-only benches.
Denied access

11. Of course, many individuals resisted the apartheid system.

12. But those who resisted faced imprisonment, exile, torture,
and even death.
Exile, Stephen Biko
Stephen Biko was murdered by
the South African police in 1977.

13. The African National Congress (ANC) was a Black Nationalist
organization founded in 1912.
It led a valiant struggle against
apartheid.
Nationalist, valiant

14. Nelson Mandela emerged as a leader of the military wing of
the ANC in the early 1960s.
Nelson Mandela

15. was imprisoned for treason and sentenced to life in prison.
In 1964, Nelson Mandela
was imprisoned for treason
and sentenced to life in prison.
Treason, life in prison

16. imprisoned on Robben Island, the fight against apartheid continued.
But even with leaders
imprisoned on Robben Island,
the fight against apartheid
continued.
continued

17. Mandela came to symbolize
the injustice of the
apartheid system.
Symbolize, injustice

18. Finally, after 27 years in prison, the Afrikaner government
released Mandela
from prison.
27 years, released

19. President of South Africa, shared the Nobel Peace Prize.
In 1993, Nelson Mandela and
F.W. de Klerk, then
President of South Africa,
shared the Nobel Peace Prize.
Nobel Peace Prize

20. With the end of apartheid and free elections for all,
Nelson Mandela was elected as
South Africa’s president in 1994.
Free elections, president