1. Apartheid
was a policy
of racial
segregation
in South Africa.

2. The policy of Apartheid began
in 1948 when the
Afrikaner-led Nationalist Party
dominated South African
politics.

3. Afrikaners were descendants of Dutch immigrants to South
Africa. The first Dutch
settlement in South Africa
was established in 1652.

4. But British imperialism eventually led to British
control of South Africa.

5. The British and the Boers or Afrikaners, descendants of
the original Dutch settlers,
fought several bloody wars.

6. Especially, after diamonds
had been found in
South African soil.

7. Of course, the British imperialists won given the size and wealth
of the British empire.

8. But regardless of the victor, the indigenous people of
South Africa were still denied
their land and resources.

9. When the British imperialists
finally left South Africa, the
Afrikaners came to dominate
the South African government.

10. The National Party was the Party of the Afrikaners and it
was this party that enacted
Apartheid or “apartness” laws.

11. Under this brutal system of segregation, black South
Africans were denied access
to white schools, white beaches,
white neighborhoods, and even
white-only benches.

12. Under the Population Registration Act of 1950, all South Africans
were required to be racially
classified as white, black, or
colored.

13. In addition, all black South
Africans were required to
carry pass books containing
fingerprints, identification
information, a photograph,
and whether the individual
had access to white
neighborhoods.

14. Of course, many individuals resisted the apartheid system.

15. But those who resisted faced imprisonment, exile, torture,
and even death.
Stephen Biko was murdered by
the South African police in 1977.

16. The African National Congress
(ANC) was a Black Nationalist
organization founded long
before apartheid. But it led
the valiant struggle against
apartheid.

17. Nelson Mandela emerged as a leader of the military wing of
the ANC in the early 1960s.

18. was imprisoned for treason and sentenced to life in prison.
In 1964, Nelson Mandela
was imprisoned for treason
and sentenced to life in prison.

19. But even with their leaders imprisoned on Robben Island,
the fight against apartheid
continued.

20. Mandela became a symbol
of the injustice of the
apartheid system.

21. Finally, after twenty-seven years in prison, the Afrikaner
government released Mandela
from prison.

22. President of South Africa, shared the Nobel Peace Prize.
In 1993, Nelson Mandela and
F.W. de Klerk, the
President of South Africa,
shared the Nobel Peace Prize.

23. With the end of apartheid and
free elections for all, Nelson Mandela was elected South
African President in 1994.