Regents Review The Progressive Movement

Agrarian Movement Problems for farmers- overproduction, high railroad costs, natural disasters and indebtedness. Problems for farmers- overproduction, high railroad costs, natural disasters and indebtedness.

Populists Represented laborers, farmers and industrialists against railroads and banks. Represented laborers, farmers and industrialists against railroads and banks. Wanted- 1 term President, graduated income tax, government ownership of railroads, telephones, telegraphs, direct election of Senators, restricted immigration. Wanted- 1 term President, graduated income tax, government ownership of railroads, telephones, telegraphs, direct election of Senators, restricted immigration. Actually passed- graduated income tax, direct election of Senators, secret ballot Actually passed- graduated income tax, direct election of Senators, secret ballot Gave rise to 3 rd party movement. Gave rise to 3 rd party movement.

Grangers Organization of farmers. Organization of farmers. Purpose- break up rural isolation and spread info about new farming techniques. Purpose- break up rural isolation and spread info about new farming techniques. Formed cooperatives which bought machinery and fertilizers- failed. Formed cooperatives which bought machinery and fertilizers- failed. Elected candidates to state legislature. Favored regulating railroads. Elected candidates to state legislature. Favored regulating railroads. Munn v. Illinois- State gov’t can regulate RR. Wabash v. Illinois- reversed. Munn v. Illinois- State gov’t can regulate RR. Wabash v. Illinois- reversed.

Progressive Goals Correct political and economic injustices that resulted from industrialization. Correct political and economic injustices that resulted from industrialization. Government should correct evils. Government should correct evils. Felt government was corrupted by big business and political bosses. Felt government was corrupted by big business and political bosses.

Famous Muckrakers Investigative reporters and writers that exposed abuses. Investigative reporters and writers that exposed abuses. Upton Sinclair- “The Jungle” Upton Sinclair- “The Jungle” Jacob Riis- “How the Other Half Lives”- pictures of conditions for urban poor. Jacob Riis- “How the Other Half Lives”- pictures of conditions for urban poor. Jane Addams- Hull House (1889). Settlement House. Jane Addams- Hull House (1889). Settlement House.

Wilson’s “New Freedom” Tame big business, greater competition. Tame big business, greater competition. Underwood Tariff- lowered taxes by 25% Underwood Tariff- lowered taxes by 25% Graduated income tax (16 th amendment) Graduated income tax (16 th amendment) Federal Reserve Act- Federal government regulates money in circulation Federal Reserve Act- Federal government regulates money in circulation Clayton-Anti Trust Act- allowed for Unions Clayton-Anti Trust Act- allowed for Unions Federal Trade Commission- protect consumers. Federal Trade Commission- protect consumers.

Roosevelt’s “Square Deal” “Trust Buster”- revived Sherman Anti-Trust Act. “Trust Buster”- revived Sherman Anti-Trust Act. Meat Inspection Act Meat Inspection Act Pure Food and Drug Act Pure Food and Drug Act Increased power of Interstate Commerce Commission. Increased power of Interstate Commerce Commission. Stopped selling public land for development Stopped selling public land for development National Conservation Commission- public parks, forests, set aside public land. National Conservation Commission- public parks, forests, set aside public land.

Progressive Reforms Secret ballot Secret ballot Direct Election of Senators Direct Election of Senators Referendum- place bill on a ballot Referendum- place bill on a ballot Recall- elected officials can be removed by voters in a special election. Recall- elected officials can be removed by voters in a special election. Party Primaries Party Primaries Initiatives- voters could start a bill Initiatives- voters could start a bill