1. Review for Test on Progressives
HW: Study

2. Goal of the Progressives
Strong government could correct abuses and protect rights of the people.

3. Muckraker
Journalists who exposed the problems in society as a result of industrialization.

4. Muckrakers Ida Tarbell “History of Standard Oil” Ruthless business
practices of Standard Oil
Lincoln Steffens
“The Shame of the Cities”
Urban political
corruption
Muckrakers
Jacob Riis
“How the Other Half Lives”
Life in New York’s
tenements
Upton Sinclair
“The Jungle”
Dangerous conditions
in meatpacking industry

5. Identify:
William “Boss” Tweed – corrupt political boss – Tammany Hall – stole millions from NY
Thomas Nast – cartoonist – drew Tweed
Wilson, Roosevelt, and Taft – Progressive Presidents
Carrie Nation – leader in Prohibition

6. Identify:
Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony – suffragists – fought for women’s right to vote.
W.E.B. DuBois – fought for equality among African Americans, NAACP – fight actively
Booker T. Washington – fought for equality among African Americans, Tuskegee University. Learn a trade work way up to gain economic equality.

7. Define: Initiative: People could suggest legislation
Referendum: People would vote on legislation
Recall: People could have leaders removed from office
Direct Primary - allows voters, rather than party leaders, to select candidates to run for office.
Suffragists – campaign for the right to vote

8. Identify: 17th Amendment – Direct election of senators
19th Amendment – Women’s right to vote

9. Good vs. Bad Trusts Bad trusts hurt the consumer
Bad trusts do not allow for competition

10. Describe: Pennsylvania Coal Strike: Ask for better pay in Pennsylvania
Schools and hospitals run out of coal for heat
Owners refuse to negotiate with the miners union
Roosevelt threatens to send troops to open the mines.

11. Northern Securities Company
Suit brought against big business
Roosevelt continued to fight businesses that were hurting the consumers

12. Interstate Commerce Act
Set up to stop railroad abuses such as pools and rebates.

13. Hepburn Act
Strengthened the ICC

14. Sherman Anti-Trust Act
Prohibited monopolies by declaring illegal any business combination or trust.

15. Pure Food and Drug Act
Act required food and drug makers to list all ingredients on their packages
Tries to end false advertising and the use of impure ingredients.

16. Meat Inspection Act Influenced by The Jungle
It forces meat packers to open their doors to federal inspectors.

17. Federal Reserve System
To regulate banking.

18. Federal Trade Commission
investigate companies to stop using unfair business practices.

19. Question
Discuss 2 different goals of reformers in the U.S. during the late 1800s and early 1900s
Describe 2 methods used by reformers to help bring about change in society.

20. Essay Reasons for Reform Monopolies restricted competition
Labor unrest
Unhealthy and unsafe living and working conditions
Large numbers of “new Immigrants” crowding the cities
Urban poverty, crime, congestion, and poor sanitation
Political corruption at all levels of government

21. Who were the Progressives?
Americans who wanted to deal with the problems.
Many different movements
Goals:
Abuses of power by government and business could be stopped.
Strong government could correct abuses and protect rights of the people.

22. Cities and Settlement Houses
An attempt to end the poverty, crowding and disease in American cities.
Important info to include:
Jacob Riis
Settlement house
Hull House
Jane Addams

23. Temperance and Prohibition
Temperance -Opposed the use of alcoholic beverages, began in 1820s
Prohibition – outlawing the manufacture and sale of alcoholic beverages.
Important info to include:
Women’s Christian Temperance Union
Carrie A. Nation
18th Amendment

24. Women’s Rights
Suffrage for women was the main goal of the feminist movement in the Progressive Era.
They felt they could correct various social problems.
Important info to include:
Elizabeth Cady Stanton
Susan B. Anthony
Seneca Falls Convention
Declaration of Sentiments
19th Amendment

25. Rights of African Americans
Decades after Civil War were difficult times for African Americans.
Laws prevented them from exercising their rights -Jim Crow laws.
Booker T. Washington – urged African Americans to learn a vocation to establish themselves economically.
W.E.B. DuBois – rejected accommodation – African Americans should protest unfair treatment.

26. Progressivism at State levels
State- progressives wanted to limit the power of boss-controlled political machines.
Secret ballot
Initiative
Referendum
Recall
Direct primary

27. Progressivism at National Level
Roosevelt, Taft and Wilson – progressive presidents
Roosevelt –
Pure Food and Drug Act
Meat Inspection Act
Square Deal – business regulation, labor conditions, and conservation
Trustbuster – Northern Securities Case
Strengthen ICC l- Hepburn Act – set railroad rates
Labor – Coal Strike
Conservation

28. Taft Standard Oil Company – the monopoly had to be dissolved.
Mann –Elkins Act – ICC power to regulate telephone and telegraph
16th Amendment – graduated income tax
Payne Aldrich Act – set higher tariff rates

29. Wilson New Freedom Lowered tariff
Federal Reserve Board – regulate money supply
Federal Trade Commission
19th amendment