2. Progressive Reforms Standard 11.2.9. Understand the effect of political programs and activities of the Progressives (e.g., federal regulation of railroad transport, Children's Bureau, the Sixteenth Amendment, Theodore Roosevelt, Hiram Johnson).

3. Essential Question  What were the major political, economic, and social reforms of the Progressive Era?

4. Progressive Movement  A movement during the Industrial Revolution that aimed to restore economic opportunities and correct injustices in American life.  Goals:  Protecting social welfare  Promoting moral improvement  Creating economic reform  Fostering efficiency

5. Why it Began  People wanted to reform the ills of society during the Industrial Revolution.

6. Progressive Groups  Progressives: People who wanted to reform government and society.  Muckrakers: Journalists who wrote about the corrupt side of business and public life in mass circulation magazines during the early 20 th century.  Social Gospel: An early reform program that preached salvation through service to the poor.

7. Why were these groups significant? Write your answers next to each group.

9.  Progressive Reforms

10. Regulation of the Railroad  Information  Interstate Commerce Act  RR’s could not fix prices  Set RR rates  Elkins Act  RR could not give rebates  Hepburn Act  Limited # of free passes (prevented bribery)  Significance  Increased competition between RR’s  Lowered prices  Increased value  Decreased bribery

11. Sherman Anti-Trust Act  Information  Outlawed trusts (monopolies)  Significance  Increased competition  Decreased prices  Increased value of products  Incentive to make new and better products  Monopolies are still outlawed today

12. Children’s Bureau  Information  investigated and reported "upon all matters pertaining to the welfare of children.”  Significance  Child labor laws were created.

13. Workers Compensation  Information  If workers were hurt on the job they were fired.  Significance  Gave aid to families of workers who were hurt or killed on the job. Continues today.

14. 16 th Amendment  Information  Lower tariff rates = not enough $ for government expenditures.  Significance  Created a federal income tax. Continues today.

15. 17 th Amendment  Information  Senators were chosen by state legislatures and therefore Senators were shielded from direct public pressure.  Significance  Direct election of Senators (the people choose their state Senators)

16. Pure Food and Drug Act  Information  Unsanitary conditions  No labels on food  Significance  Continues to protect consumers against unsafe drugs and foods

17.  I will be reading an excerpt from the book The Jungle from Upton Sinclair  Put your head down and close your eyes.  Try to visualize the events.

18. Compulsary Education Laws  Information  Children were working rather than going to school  Significance  laws requiring children to attend school  number of high schools doubled between 1900 and 1920

19. Other Reforms

20. Commission plan  What was the Problem?  City Gov. proved incapable of responding to natural disaster.  How Was it Fixed  Major city council replaced by commissioners chosen in a non- partisan election. Ran city like a business.

21. City-manager plan  What was the problem?  Needed expert advice (i.e.-technical engineers)  How was it fixed?  City council hired a professional manager to run city government.

22. Direct Primaries  What was the problem?  Party basses controlled the selection of convention delegates, election candidates.  How was it fixed?  A preliminary election in which voters choose candidates for the general election

23. Initiative  What was the Problem?  Big business and party bosses had to much control over state legislatives.  How was it fixed?  Allowed a group of citizens to introduce legislation, required the legislature to vote on it.

24. Referendum  What was the Problem?  Big business and party bosses had to much control over state legislatives.  How was it fixed?  Allowed proposed legislation to be submitted to the voters for approval

25. Recall  What was the Problem?  Big business and party bosses had to much control over state legislatives  How Was it Fixed  Allowed voters to remove an elected official from office by holding a special election.

26. Insurance regulations  What was the Problem?  Bribery of elected officials  How Was it Fixed  Regulated insurance companies + protected interests of policy holders

27. City zoning laws  What was the Problem?  Tenements  How Was it Fixed  Laws regulating how land + buildings could be used

28. Meat Inspection Act  What was the Problem?  Unsanitary conditions in slaughter houses  How was it fixed?  Regulated the content and inspection of food, prohibited the use of addictive drugs + required labels

29. 18 th Amendment  What was the Problem?  Alcohol was corrupting society  How was it fixed?  Prohibited alcohol. Repealed by the 23 rd amendment in 1933

30. Consumer Protection Laws  What was the Problem?  Consumers did not know what they were purchasing – no return policies  How was it fixed?  Labels required on all food.  Return policies became mandatory.

32. Essential Question  What were the major political, economic, and social reforms of the Progressive Era?