1. Unit 5: The Progressive Era
Ch. 18: Progressivism on the National Stage
Essential ?: How well did Presidents Roosevelt, Taft, & Wilson promote progressive goals in national policies?

2. Objectives
investigate the Essential Question: How well did Presidents Roosevelt, Taft, and Wilson promote progressive goals in national policies?
compare and contrast how the presidencies of Roosevelt, Taft, and Wilson addressed progressive reforms.
learn and use the Key Content Terms for this chapter.

3. Preview
Closely examine the political cartoon on the opening page of Chapter 18. Then answer these questions in your notebook (left side):
1. What are the three most interesting details you see? Label each of them.
2. What do the lions represent?
3. This cartoon is titled “The Lion Tamer.” The lion tamer is President Theodore Roosevelt. Based on the cartoon, what might his personality be like?
4. Does the cartoonist seem to believe that President Roosevelt will be able to control the trusts?
5. Based on the cartoon, how might the federal government’s power over trusts have changed during Roosevelt’s presidency?

4. 18.2 Three Progressive Presidents
How You Will Take Notes
18.2 Three Progressive Presidents
Title the top of the page “18.2 Three Progressive Presidents”
Cut out one strip of president faces
Create 3 large columns on your page & put the picture of each of the 3 presidents at the top of the column
Next page
Title “18.3 Addressing the Effects of Industrialization”
Title “18.4 Reforming the National Government”

5. 18.2: Three Progressive Presidents
Roosevelt (1901 – 1909):
Square Deal  regulate big business & protect workers, consumers, & environment (he’s a big outdoors fan)
Taft (1909 – 1913):
Continued reform efforts
Limited power of corporations
Added land to national forest system
Progressives called for lower tariffs (think additional tax on foreign goods)
Why would they want this?
Increases competition b/w US goods & foreign goods causing prices to go down
Taft actually raises taxes & angers progressives
Election of 1912
Taft = R
Wilson = D
Teddy = Progressive Party (a.k.a Bull Moose Party)
Split of R vote allows Wilson to win
Wilson (1913 – 1921)
New Freedom  wanted to eliminate power of trusts
Transfer power of trusts to small businesses & average citizens
Reduce gov’t corruption
Created Federal Trade Commission

6. 18.3: Addressing the Effects of Industrialization
Roosevelt  began breaking up trusts/monopolies
Used Sherman Antitrust Act
Pro-big business but against predatory pricing
Broke up what he thought were “bad” trusts
Limited power of RR
Hepburn Act (1906)  fed gov’t to set max rail shipping rates
Taft  carried out 90 lawsuits against trusts
Attempted to break up all trusts (good or bad)
Wilson  continued w/ trust busting
Used Clayton Antitrust Act (1914)
Made it harder for trust to form in first place
Protected labor unions from antitrust regulation
Created Federal Trade Commission (1914)
Enforce Clayton Act

7. 18.3: Addressing the Effects of Industrialization
Roosevelt  worked to protect consumers/workers
Meat Inspection Act
Inspect packaged meat
Pure Food and Drug Act
Test/approve drugs before they go on market
Pushed for better conditions for miners
Taft  worked to protect consumers/workers
Creation of Children’s Bureau
Investigate welfare of children
8 hr work day for gov’t employees
Wilson  worked to protect consumers/workers
Keating Owen Child Labor Act (1916)
Did not allow companies involved in interstate commerce to hire workers under 14
8 hr work day for RR workers

8. 18.3: Addressing the Effects of Industrialization
Preservation = protection of wilderness from all development
Conservation = limited use of resources
Roosevelt  moderate
Creation of U.S. Forest Service (1905)
Protect forests/natural areas from excessive development
Set aside 150 million acres of national forests
Taft  moderate
Added 2.7 million acres to National Wildlife Refuge System
Wilson  moderate
Created National Park Service
Acceptance of some development for tourism

9. 18.4: Reforming the National Government
Taft  proposed income tax
16th Amendment allows for your income to be taxed
Wilson  reformed banking system
Graduated income tax
Pay more in taxes the more you make
Underwood Tariff Act: reduced tariffs (1913)
17th Amendment (1913)
Direct election of senators by popular vote
Federal Reserve System (the Fed) (1913)
Acts as central bank of U.S.
Lends $ to other private banks
Sets monetary policy to regulate how much is in circulation
Sets interest rates & regulates how much banks can lend
**place the diagram on pg. 237 on left side of notes
18th Amendment (1919)
Prohibition: sale/production/transportation of alcohol is illegal
Political pressure out of the temperance movement
19th Amendment (1920)
Women’s suffrage
Right to vote cannot be denied based on sex