1. Progressive Era
Review Session

2. What is Reform? Reform Progressive Gilded Age
Bringing about change to a social problem or concern
Progressive
Moving forward, bringing about change
Public Interest
Gilded Age
Term that implies a “false sense of good.” Extreme poverty hidden by a few wealthy Americans.

3. Progressive Era Amendments
16th Amendment
Imposing an income tax on Americans
17th Amendment
Direct election of U.S. Senators
18th Amendment
Prohibition of Alcohol
19th Amendment
National Woman’s Suffrage (right to vote)

4. Election Reforms (PIRR)
Primary Election
Allow voters to choose a party’s candidates for elected office
Initiative
Allows voters to initiate or propose a bill to the state legislature
Referendum
Allows voters to vote on proposed legislation
Recall
Allows voters to remove an elected official from office
The goal of these reforms was to give more power to the people and involve voters more directly in the political process

5. Civil Service Act (Pendleton Act)
Act passed requiring job seekers to pass an exam to prove competency
Set up to end the Spoils System and fill vacant jobs based upon qualifications for the position
Spoils System – giving government jobs to followers, not based on qualification

6. Federal Reserve Act
Regulated banking in the United States

7. Women’s Rights Movement
1848 – Seneca Falls Convention
Seneca Falls, NY (Anthony and Stanton)
Beginning of an organized Women’s Rights Movement
Declaration of Sentiments
Modeled after the Declaration of Independence
Proclaimed the rights and grievances of women
Proclaimed men and women equal
Publicized the need for women’s rights
Many years of struggle led to 19th Amendment (right to vote) for women
Alice Paul
Picketed the White House, hunger strike, force fed

8. Temperance Movement
Movement to abolish the sale of alcohol in the United States
Carry “The Hatchet” Nation
Publically raided saloons
Many leaders were women due to the affect of alcohol on families
18th Amendment
Prohibited the manufacture and sale of alcohol

9. Muckrakers Muckrakers
Writers (journalists) and critics who exposed corruption and abuses in industry, government and society
Primary goal was to bring about social reform and change
Helped encourage government to pass laws to protect consumers and reform problems in American society

10. Muckrakers Thomas Nast Political cartoonist
Exposed corrupt city governments
Boss Tweed, NYC, stole $100 million from tax payers and took advantage of immigrants and the city poor

11. Muckrakers Upton Sinclair Wrote “The Jungle”
Exposed problems (unsanitary conditions) in the meat-packing industry in Chicago, IL
Resulted in the Meat Inspection Act (1906) and Pure Food and Drug Act

12. Muckrakers Jacob Riis Wrote “How the Other Half Live”
Exposed the living conditions of immigrants and the poor in city tenement buildings

13. Muckrakers Ida Tarbell Helped bring an end to the Standard Oil Trust
John Rockefeller

14. Theodore Roosevelt Progressive Trust Buster (bad trusts)
Sided with labor (workers) over business owners
President
Conservationist
Incorporated several different political ideas
Pure Food and Drug Act/Meat Inspection Act

15. Other Reformers Booker T. Washington W.E.B. Dubois Woodrow Wilson
Believed in the power of education to bring about equality
W.E.B. Dubois
NAACP
Demanded equality immediately
Woodrow Wilson
New Freedom
Elected 1912