Migration AP HuG

Migration Migration – A change in residence that is intended to be permanent Emigration – leaving a country Immigration – entering a country

On average, Americans move once every 6 years US Population is the most mobile in the world with over 5 million moving from one state to another every year 35 million move within a state, county or community each year Migration is a key factor in the speed of diffusion of ideas and innovation

Types of Migration Forced Migration – migrants have no choice – must leave Periodic movement – short term (weeks/months) seasonal migration to college, winter in the south, etc. Cyclic movement – daily movement to work, shopping. Transhumance – seasonal pastoral farming – Switzerland, Horn of Africa Nomadism – cyclical, yet irregular migration that follows the growth of vegetation.

Key Factors in Migration External Migration – from one country to another (emigration & immigration) Internal Migration – from one part of a country to another part Direction Distance

Catalysts of Migration Economic conditions- poverty and desire for opportunity. Political conditions – persecution, expulsion, or war. Environmental conditions – crop failures, floods, drought, environmentally induced famine. Culture and tradition – threatened by change Technology – easier and cheaper transport or change in livability

Chain migration – migration of people to a specific location because of relatives or members of the same nationality already there. Step migration – short moves in stages – e.g. Brazilian family moves from village to town and then finally Sao Paulo or Rio de Janeiro Refugees – those who have been forced to migrate. Push-Pull Factors – push factors induce people to leave. Pull factors encourage people to move to an area. Distance decay – contact diminishes with increasing distance. (both diffusion and migration) Intervening opportunity – alternative destinations that can be reaches more quickly and easily.

Internal Migration – Movement with a single country’s borders

Voluntary Migration – Migrants weigh push and pull factors to decide first, to emigrate from the home country and second, where to go Distance Decay weighs into the decision to migrate, leading many migrants to move less far than they originally contemplate.

Economic Conditions – migrants will often risk their lives in hopes of economic opportunities that will enable them to send money home (remittances) to their family members who remain behind.

Environmental Conditions – In Montserrat, a 1995 volcano made the southern half of the island, including the capital city of Plymouth, uninhabitable. People who remained migrated to the north or to the U.S.

Economic Opportunities – Islands of development – places within a region or country where foreign investment, jobs, and infrastructure and concentrated.

Economic Opportunities – In the late 1800s and early 1900s, Chinese migrated throughout Southeast Asia to work in trade commerce, and finance.

Reconnecting Cultural Groups About 700,000 Jews migrated to then – Palestine between 1900 and 1948 After 1948, when the land was divided into two states, 600,000 Palestinian Arabs fled newly-designated Israeli territories.