18 & 19 th Centuries THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION

 The British Empire’s economy had expanded across the Atlantic and around the world  Great Britain itself was blessed with favorable natural resources  Coal  Iron  Waterways WHY IT BEGAN IN GREAT BRITAIN?

 Jethro Tull,  First modern farmer  Invented the seed drill AGRICULTURAL REVOLUTION

SEED DRILL

 Enclosures  Crop Rotation System  Improvement became the goal AGRICULTURAL REVOLUTION

 Led to:  More efficient food production  Cheaper food  More disposable income  Less workers needed in rural areas AGRICULTURAL REVOLUTION

 Constitutional Monarchy  Relatively stable  Economic growth POLITICAL CONDITIONS

 No internal tariffs  Patent Law encouraged inventions LEGAL CONDITIONS

 Effective central bank (1694)  Well-developed credit markets  Plenty of capitol FINANCIAL CONDITIONS

 Cotton is king!  1760’s James Hargreaves invents the Spinning Jenny  1760’s Richard Arkwright invents the Water Frame  1779 Samuel Compton invents the Spinning Mule TECHNOLOGICAL ADVANCES

 1770’s : Arkwright also developed the Factory System  One roof  Central power source  Division of labor TECHNOLOGICAL ADVANCES

 Steam Power:  1698: Thomas Savery invented a steam engine  1712: Thomas Newcomen invented a steam engine  1765: James Watt greatly improved Newcomen’s engine  1820’s: Railroads: George Stephenson’s Rocket TECHNOLOGICAL ADVANCES

 Major turning point in human history  Led to sustained income and population growth  Led to many socioeconomic changes  Was responsible for the development of factories and consequently, urbanization.  Led to the rise of the middle class  Knowledge and ideas spread from nation to nation  Led to an increase in the living standards INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION EFFECTS