1. INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION

2. Origins

3. Why Britain? Cause #1 – The benefits of empire Large navy Post – 1698 largest and most efficient trader of slaves. Also main trader of wool and woolen cloth By 1775 possessed more land and people than two main European rivals French and Dutch

4. Colonies in the Americas, Africa, Australia, and Asia – raw materials and labor resources – Half of the world’s sea trade carried by Britain

5. Cause #2 – France Takes a Beating Napoleonic Wars take a huge toll on Britain’s top competition

6. Cause #3 – Favorable Natural Conditions Damp climate – Made it easy to work cotton into cloth Coal – Heating and energy resource Iron ore Waterways and natural harbors – Cheaper and effective routes of trade

7. Cause #4 – Agricultural Revolution 1700-1800 Jethro Tull – First modern farmer Invented the seed drill Seeds that are evenly spread Grow better than when they Are simply scattered

8. Seed Drill – Then and Now

9. Agricultural Revolution Continued Larger farms Increase in production More efficient farming – leads to more migration away from the countryside as enclosures become more common – Less money spent on farming means more money spent on industrial and commercial development

11. Agricultural Revolution Results In: More efficient food production Cheaper food More disposable income – less $ spent on food Lower death rates and boost in population – healthier and more constant diets help battle diseases, also increased demand for goods Less workers needed in rural areas – one reason for higher migration to urban centers in the future

12. Cause #5 – Political Stability Constitutional Monarchy – Glorious Revolution 1688-1689 – Britain has a King, House of Lords, and House of Commons where all three have a voice in government – Other countries only have a king or queen who rules by “Divine Right” or “God’s Right” Britain has a more stable government that has more balance of power – House of Commons represented families with money and land – Government did what landowners and merchants wanted because they have a say in Parliament A stable government encourages wealthy people to invest their money in industry

13. Cause #6 – More Free Trade No internal tariffs – Traders do not pay a toll to use canals or roadways – Cheaper to transport goods and resources

14. Cause #7 – Central banking Central bank created in 1694 – A bank system used by the whole country – Everyone uses the same currency – Using the same currency makes it easier to invest money and to get loans

15. Key Technological Advancements - #1 Inventions Work that Cotton! – 1764 James Hargreaves invents the Spinning Jenny Multi-spool spinning wool allowing one person to work up to 8 spools of yarn at once

16. Work that Cotton cont. 1768 Richard Arkwright invented the water frame – Used water to power a spinning frame, thereby decreasing the number of human operators

17. Work that Cotton - final 1779 Samuel Crompton invents the Spinning Mule – Improvement on the water frame because it allowed more than one spool of yarn to be worked at once

18. Technological Advancement #2 – Steam Power 1698 invention of the steam engine 1765 improvement of the steam engine 1820’s railroads and George Stephenson’s Rocket

19. Key Technological Advancement - #2 Factory System 1770’s Arkwright develops the factory system – All under one roof – Central source of power – Division of labor – All this equals MORE EFFICIENT