1. Early Industrial Revolution
Mr. Meester
AP European History
Pages:

2. The Agricultural Revolution
Traditionally life revolved around maintaining a stable food supply
Significant problems occurred when this wasn’t the case
The price of bread rose steadily during the 18th century
Bad for peasants
Good landlords
Leads to Revolution

3. New Innovations
New innovations began in the Low Countries during Dutch Golden Age
These innovations gained fame in England which continued the process in the 1700s
Jethro Tull, Charles Townsend, Robert Bakewell
Enclosure replaces the Open-Field method of farming
Large land owners used acts of Parliament to fence (enclose) common lands
Disrupted traditional farming methods
Had huge social and economic consequences
In Eastern Europe there was little improvement due to a variety of reasons

4. Population Rises Europe saw a population explosion in the 1700s
Nearly doubled during the century
There were several causes for this increase
NOT IMPROVED MEDICINE
Traditional modes of living and working had to be revised
Social, Economic, and & Political impact

5. The Start of Industrialization
Industrialization began around the middle of the 1700s
This caused sustained economic growth throughout the coming centuries
Results had considerable social and environmental costs but a huge economic benefit

6. Consumption Revolution
Demand for goods increased greatly at the start of the IR
People began to have more disposable income to purchase goods
Entrepreneurs began using marketing and advertising
Publications made the public aware of the newest and most advance items

7. Britain Leads the Way
Several factors lead to the Industrial Revolution starting in Great Britain
They were a leader in the Consumer Revolution
Economically and Politically stable
British Society allowed for class mobility
Agricultural advances

8. Industrialization of Textiles
Had its start with the putting-out system in peasant homes
By mid-1700s production couldn’t keep up with demand
New Innovations are invented
John Kay’s Flying Shuttle
James Hargreaves’ Spinning Jenny
Richard Arkwright’s Water Frame
Rise of the Factories
Factories needed to house new machines

9. The Steam Engine
It was the first machine to provide a steady unlimited power.
Superior to wind, water, and muscle power
Thomas Newcomen invented the 1st workable steam engine
Very inefficient
Perfected by James Watt
Watt’s design would power the IR

10. Improved Iron Production
Iron would became extremely important to industrial development, but production was limited by 3 factors
Ironmakers began using coke (purified coal) and the steam engine to smelt iron
Henry Cort invented a new process that removed more impurities from the molten iron
These innovations caused the demand for iron to increase by lowering the cost
England became Europe’s leading iron producer

11. Working Women
The transformation of agriculture & industry caused a diminished role for women in production
New machines operated by men began to replace women on the farms and in textile manufacturing
Many women turned to the cottage industries to earn a living or became domestic servants
These jobs were much lower in skill and lower paying
There were many long-term results of the changes in jobs allowed to women