Do Now What is matter? What are elements? What is the periodic table used for?

Objectives To list the different elements found in living things. To explain what bonds are used for. To determine the different functions of the 4 macromolecules as well as water in the body.

“How Cells Function” Chapter 2

A. Elements and Matter What is matter? –i. anything that has mass and takes up space

A. Elements and Matter i. All living and non-living things can be broken down into different elements. ii. Elements: pure substance that cannot be broken down into other substances by physical or chemical means.

Periodic Table Activity Get a red, blue, and green colored pencil Make a key at the bottom of the paper with the 3 colors. For the following elements shade in the chemical symbol RED, the atomic number BLUE, and the atomic mass GREEN –Oxygen, Carbon, Nitrogen, Hydrogen, Calcium, Phosphorus

A. Elements and Matter iii. Each element has it’s own set of properties. –Ex: Oxygen Colorless Odorless gas

B. Elements in the body i. Oxygen Carbon Hydrogen Nitrogen Calcium Phosphorus 19 others

B. Elements in the body ii. Can be found as a pure element or as a compound.** Compound: atoms of 2 or more elements joined together by chemical bonds. –Ex: H 2 O (has both elements hydrogen and oxygen in it)

C. Atoms Elements are made up of atoms i. Atom: smallest unit of an element that still retains the properties of that element.

C. Atoms Building blocks of matter Contain 3 parts –Protons: positively charged, contain mass –Neutrons: no charge, contain mass –Electrons: negatively charged, insignificant mass + -

Do Now What is a compound? Give an example Name 3 elements found in our body. What are the 3 parts of an atom and where are they located?

Objectives To understand why our bodies undergo chemical reactions. To list and describe the different macromolecules found in our bodies.

Chemical Reactions Why do we need chemical reactions? ii. Chemical Reactions: bonds between atoms are broken or formed to make different molecules in the body. –Broken bonds  release energy –Formed bonds  store energy + ATP (energy)

Chemical Reactions Baking soda + Vinegar 2 Chemical Reactions 1. HC2H3O2 + NaHCO3  NaC2H3O2 + H2CO3 2. H2CO3  H2O + CO2 = LOTS OF BUBBLES ( carbon dioxide) LETS WATCH…

Macromolecules Macro= BIG 4 different macromolecules all doing a different job in our body!

A. Carbohydrates Give us energy!! Made up of C, H, O

A. Carbohydrates Types of Carbs: –Simple: sugars like glucose, fructose, galactose Ex: cookies, candy, –Complex: starches, glycogen, cellulose (fiber) Ex: potatoes, leafy vegetables

B. Lipids (fats, oils, waxes) Store energy, insulation, protection Made up of C,H,O Contain a glycerol and 3 fatty acid chains Fats are hydroPHOBIC- do not dissolve in water.

B. Lipids (fats, oils, waxes) Types: –Saturated: solid fat, BAD FOR YOU, comes from animals Ex: lard, butter, fat on steak or chicken –Unsaturated: liquid, better for you, comes from vegetables Ex: vegetable oil, peanut oil, canola oil

Do Now What are carbohydrates used in our bodies for? Name some examples of foods containing carbohydrates. What are lipids used in our bodies for? Name examples of foods that contain both saturated and unsaturated fats.

Objectives To understand why we need protein in our diet. To explain the function of nucleic acids in our bodies. To understand how water provides a medium for chemical reactions in our body.

C. Protein Growth, repair, enzymes, transport Made of C,H,O,N, and sometimes sulfur Structure is repeating amino acids –Body makes some, we must EAT to get others. –Order of amino acids tells the protein what job it has.

D. Nucleic Acids Holds genetic information!! Made up of C,O,H,N,P Structure is repeating nucleotides

D. Nucleic Acids Types: –DNA: deoxyribonucleic acid (the blueprints for our cells) –RNA: ribonucleic acid (helps take the blueprints and make protein)

E. Water Chemical reactions take place in water!! Known as the “universal solvent” because it dissolves things. –Ex: lemonade, kool aid, etc. Made up of 2 hydrogen and 1 oxygen

E. Water Makes up 70% of your body mass Cannot dissolve lipids (fats), our membranes are made up of lipids WHY IS THIS IMPORTANT?