1. BIOCHEMISTRY
The chemistry of life

2. ORGANIC COMPOUND
Contains CARBON and HYDROGEN
Ex. C6H12O6 is GLUCOSE

3. INORGANIC COMPOUND Does NOT contain carbon and hydrogen together.
Examples
H2O = water
CO2 = carbon dioxide

4. ATOMS One of the simplest units of matter Made of:
Protons-have a positive charge (+)
Electrons-have a negative charge (-)
Neutrons-have NO charge (0)

5. ELEMENT Made of one kind of atom Examples: C = Carbon H = Hydrogen
O = Oxygen
N = Nitrogen

6. COMPOUND
Two or more atoms, chemically combined and held together by bonds.

7. FOUR GROUPS OF ORGANIC MOLECULES
Carbohydrates
Proteins
Lipids
Nucleic Acids
All organic molecules are made of C,H,O,N

8. CARBOHYDRATES Examples Bread Candy Brownies Pasta Rice Beans
All carbohydrates are made of sugars. (C,H,O)

9. CARBOHYDRATES 3 different types of carbohydrates Monosaccharide
Disaccharides
Polysaccharides

10. CARBOHYDRATES Monosaccharides Made of one sugar End in –ose
Source of energy
Has chemical formula C6H12O6
Ratio of H to O is 2:1
Examples:
Glucose
Fructose
Maltose
Lactose

11. CARBOHYDRATES Disaccharide End in –ose Ratio of H to O is 2:1
Consist of 2 sugar molecules
Example:
sucrose

12. CARBOHYDRATES Polysaccharides 3 or more sugars combined
Complex structure
Examples
Cellulose
Starches

13. HOW ARE MOLECULES COMBINED?
Dehydration Synthesis
The process by which molecules are joined together by removing water.

14. HOW ARE COMPOUNDS BROKEN DOWN?
Hydrolysis
The process by which compounds are separated from each other by adding water.

15. PROTEINS Made of Amino Acids Always contain C,H,O,N
All structures in an organism are made of proteins.
Proteins make up:
Enzymes
Muscle Tissue
Blood Cells
Cell Growth and Repair
Hormones

16. PROTEINS Amino Acids are bonded together with peptide bonds.
3 Different types
Monopeptide (1 Amino Acid)
Dipeptide (2 Amino Acids)
Polypeptide (3 Amino Acids)

17. AMINO ACID STRUCTURE Amino Acids are made of 3 parts: An amino group
A carboxyl group
An R side chain

18. Amino Acids There are 20 types of amino acids 8 of them are essential
Ex. Tryptophan, Alanine, Arginine, Proline, Serine

19. DEHYDRATION SYNTHESIS OF 2 AMINO ACIDS

20. HYDROLYSIS OF A PROTEIN

21. LIPIDS Also called fats, oils and waxes Organic (made of C, H, O)
No ratio of H to O
Found in all living things
Used for
energy storage
source of energy
insulation
Protection
sub-structure of cell membrane

22. LIPIDS
Lipids are made of two parts:
Glycerol
3 Fatty Acids

23. LIPIDS Two types of fatty acids Saturated Unsaturated
Fats that are NOT double bonded and are solid at room temperature
Ex. Butter, bacon grease, Crisco, cheese
Unsaturated
Fats that are double bonded.
Ex. Olive oil, Canola Oil

24. LIPIDS
In a typical lipid molecule, there are carboxyl groups

25. NUCLEIC ACIDS DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid)
Contains genetic information (heredity)
Controls cellular activities
Found in all living things
It is organic (C, H, O, N, P)

26. NUCLEIC ACIDS DNA is made of units called nucleotides
Nucleotides consist of:
A phosphate group
A monosaccharide (ribose)
A nitrogenous base (A, T, G, or C)

27. A NUCLEOTIDE

28. DNA Double helix Bases: DNA bases are bonded using hydrogen bonds
Adenine (A)
Thymine (T)
Guanine (G)
Cytosine (C)
DNA bases are bonded using hydrogen bonds

29. RNA
Carries genetic information from the nucleus to the ribosomes, for protein synthesis
Single stranded (NOT double helix)
Smaller than DNA

30. RNA Made of nucleotides Bases in RNA:
Contains sugar, phosphate group and 1 base
Bases in RNA:
Adenine (A)
Uracil (U)
Guanine (G)
Cytosine (C)