The Civil War Chapter

Ch 17.1 The Conflict Takes Shape

17.1 Key Terms 1) border states - Kentucky, Missouri, Maryland, and Delaware - decided to remain in the Union 2) martial law - rule by the army instead of the elected government.

A. What issues divided the nation when the war began? Southerners believed they had the right to leave the Union. They called the conflict the War for Southern Independence. Southerners wanted independence to keep their traditional way of life –including the institution of slavery. Northerners believed that they had to fight to save the Union. –“preserve the Union.” At the outset of the war, abolishing slavery was not an official goal of the North. In fact, many northerners, guided by feelings of racism, approved of slavery.

B. Who were the leaders of each side in the war? President Jefferson Davis of the Confederacy –Experience from West Point and Mexican War –Secretary of War under F. Pierce –Would have rather been fighting than leading –“Micromanager” President Abraham Lincoln of the Union –not have much experience in national politics or military matters –patient but strong leader and a fine war planner –Set up a council of advisers called “Team of Rivals”

C. What were the advantages for the North and South at the beginning of the Civil War? pp South 1. Experience hunting 2. Better-trained officers 3. Robert E. Lee 4. Jefferson Davis 5. Fighting for independence 6. Fighting a defensive war to preserve slavery 7. Fighting on their own territory North 1. More railroads to move supplies and soldiers 2. More people to grow food 3. Larger population 4. Abraham Lincoln 5. More natural resource to use during war 6. More factories to produce goods for the war

Ch 17.2 No Easy Victory

17.2 Key Terms Battle of Bull Run Virginia Monitor Antietam Fredericksburg Chancellorsville Shiloh

Review: How the Civil War started (Why?) 1)Nov Abraham Lincoln is elected president of the US without winning any southern states 2)Dec 1860 – 7 states secede, form the Confederate States of America, and elect Jefferson Davis president 3)April Confederacy attacks Union fort in SC (Fort Sumter) provoking the Union to declare war on the Confederacy What was the North’s official goal at the outset of the war?

A. What strategies did each side adopt to win the war? Southerners would fight a defensive war until northerners tired of fighting If war became unpopular in the North, the South would get its independence South counted on the political and economic support from Europe –Europe bought cotton Naval blockade of all southern ports –“Anaconda Plan” Seize Richmond, VA, the Confederate capital city Seize control of MS River to the west –To cut off supply routes –To divide AR, TX, and LA from the other CSs

Anaconda Plan

B. Would it be a quick war? Manassas (Bull Run) July 1861 Union troops march to Richmond, VA to attempt to capture Confederate capital Confederate troops forced a bloody retreat Confederate victory Effects of battle: Soldiers on both sides would need a lot more training The North had poor leadership –Lincoln appoints G.C. McClellan as commander of army The war would be long and bloody

C. Bloody Battles of nd Battle of Manassas (aka 2 nd Bull Run) August 1862 Union troops march to Richmond, VA to again attempt to capture capital Confederate troops go on the offensive Confederate victory Antietam Lee marches troops into the North (MD) September 17, 1862 –23,000 casualties No clear winner, but Lee retreats, and McClellan lets him go Many northerners are outraged, so McClellan is replaced

D. Ironclad Ships Change Warfare South builds ironclad Virginia to defend against North’s naval blockade North responds with the USS Monitor Armored ships battle several times without a winner South sinks their ironclad when the North captures Norfolk, VA

On Board the USS Monitor

E. Confederate and Union Victories Fredericksburg On a hill outside of Richmond, VA December 1862 Lee’s troops mow down Union troops One of the Union’s worst defeats Chancellorsville VA, May 1863 South wins, but takes heavy losses Key Southern General Stonewall Jackson is killed by friendly fire. Shiloh Union attempts to win in the west April 1863 near a river in TN US Grant leads Union troops to a costly victory Union gains control of Memphis, TN and New Orleans, LA –Control the MS River, a major supply line for the South

Ch 17.3