1. Section 1: The Call to arms
Chapter 15: The Civil War
Section 1: The Call to arms

2. Objectives:
Identify the states that supported the Union, the states that seceded, and the states whose loyalties were divided.
Describe the advantages each side had in the war.
Compare the different strategies used by the North and the South.
Summarize the results of the First Battle of Bull Run.
Describe the conditions soldiers in camp faced.

3. Key Terms border state – a slave state that did not secede
neutral – not favoring either side
martial law – a type of rule in which the military is in charge and citizens’ rights are suspended
blockade – a military action to prevent traffic from coming into an area or leaving it

4. Essential Question
Why did both the North and the South think they would easily win the war?
Many Northerners and Southerners were confident that their side would win a quick victory.
The North had a greater population and more resources.
The South had a more experienced military.

5. Reaction to The Rebellion in South
After attack on Fort Sumter, Pres. Lincoln asks states to send troops to end “rebellion.”
Northern Response:
Young Northern men volunteer
Widespread support
OH, IN, etc. offer to send extra men
Southern Response:
TN refuses to send men to fight against “brothers”
KN, MO – similar
MD, DE – no response

6. More states secede
After the attack on Fort Sumter, President Lincoln asked states to send troops to end what he called a “rebellion.”
This caused more southern states to secede.
April 17 - VA
May – AR, TN, NC
The western counties of Virginia refused to secede. These joined the Union as the state of West Virginia.

7. The Border States
A key question at the start of the war was whether border states would side with the Union or the Confederacy.
Both sides wanted to control the Ohio and Mississippi Rivers.

8. The Border States: Loyalty divided, Lincoln tries to keep MO & MD, & Neutral Ky
Four border states did not secede:
Delaware
Delaware supported the Union. Few enslaved.
Kentucky
Kentucky started out neutral. After invaded by southern troops, KY supported Union.
Missouri
President Lincoln used force to keep MO in Union.
Maryland
Lincoln placed Maryland under martial law to keep in the Union.

9. ? I m p o r t a n c e ?

10. General feelings upon entering the war
Both sides are confident
Union soldiers willing to sacrifice their lives to maintain government
Southerners compare themselves to Americans of 1776 and are proud to be called rebels.

11. Southern advantages Land Advantages Fight in own territory
Receive help from own people
Robert E. Lee
Military Advantages
Most experienced military officers were southerners – resigned to fight for south.
Three generals:
Robert E. Lee
Joseph Johnston
Albert Johnston

12. a larger population 2/3 of people in N.
Northern advantages
The North was confident that it would win the war by taking advantage of its resources. These included:
a larger population 2/3 of people in N.
more acres of farmland
more factories
more railroad tracks
The North was able to field, feed, and equip larger armies.

13. Northern advantages
The Union had an advantage over the Confederacy in its amount of resources.

14. Union Strategy
The North planned a multi-part strategy to defeat South.
Blockade southern ports.
Cut off manufactured goods, block sale of cotton.
Seize Richmond.
Confederate Capital
100 miles from D.C.
Gain control of the Mississippi River and split the South in two.
Major transportation link
Cut S. in two

16. “Anaconda Plan”

17. Southern Strategy The South had a simpler strategy.
They only needed to defend their land until the Northern armies got tired of fighting.
They also sought help from Britain & other European nations that relied on the South for cotton.

18. Americans AGAINST AMERICANS
When the Civil War began, thousands of soldiers volunteered for the Union and Confederate armies.
Many of these soldiers were young and inexperienced.

19. However, in the north, newspapers called for a quick end to the war.
Battle of Bull Run
Union General Irvin McDowell wanted time to train his men – many unskilled
However, in the north, newspapers called for a quick end to the war.
Union soldiers march toward Richmond
Confederate general “Stonewall” Jackson and his men held firm.
Confederates come back at Union troops
Union troops panic

20. Battle of Bull Run
Inexperienced Union soldiers panicked and then retreated, but the Confederates were too exhausted to pursue them.
Bull Run was an early sign that the war would be long and costly.

21. A Soldiers Life: Living Conditions
Life in an army camp was harsh. Soldiers faced boredom, disease, and even death.
Camps were filthy and lacked clean water.
Outbreaks of diseases swept through the ranks.
Captured soldiers were placed in overcrowded prison camps.
Thousands died from starvation or exposure.