The Crusades: The Crescent and the Cross

Origins of the Crusades In 1095 C.E. Byzantine emperor Alexius I urgently asked Pope Urban II for Christian knights to help him fight the Muslim Turks The Pope called for a crusade (holy war) to free the Holy Land

From The Chronicle of the First Crusade “Both knights and footman, both rich and poor…must strive to help expel the Turks from our Christian lands before it is too late. Christ commands it. Remission of sins (indulgences) will be granted for those going tither.”

The First Crusade Christian knights captured Jerusalem in 1099 C.E. They capped their victory with a massacre of the cities Jews and Muslims. Formed 4 regions called The Crusader States Last Crusader outpost captured in 1291 C.E.

Massacre of the Muslims by Richard I of England

Fall of Jerusalem The Muslims repeatedly sought to destroy The Crusader States 1187 C.E.— Jersualem fell to Muslim forces led by Salah-al-Din (Saladin) Saladin eventually reopened the city to Christian pilgrims

Sack of Constantinople During the Fourth Crusade, Christians were diverted from fighting Muslims to fighting one another Crusader knights captured and looted Constantinople

The Mongols The Mongols conquered Russia, China, and Muslim states in Southwest Asia, destroying cities and countryside Formed the largest empire the world had seen since Rome

The Fall of the Byzantine Empire Weakened by warfare, the Byzantine Empire fell to the Turks in 1453 C.E. The city was renamed Istambul and and became the capital of the Ottoman Empire

Op-Ed Writing Write an editorial piece either for or against going on a Crusade to the Holy Land. Include three supporting ideas Minimum 1 paragraph (5-7 sentences) If you need more information, use p. 255-260 of your book

Pictures Pope Urban’s Speech 1095 C.E: http://pages.usherbrooke.ca/croisades/big_images/c_croisade1_clermont2.jpg Crusader Map: http://www.uncp.edu/home/rwb/Crusades_Map.gif Crusader States: http://byfiles.storage.live.com/y1p2QH7pz_l7ji6348fKaK0bemK0i7HNbnz9IOp8rnvx BXBXXOeIc6IVp0mC_aQiaDa3ffKvFQduNE Murder of the Saracens: http://pages.usherbrooke.ca/croisades/big_images/c_croisade3_massacre_prisonniers .jpg Surrender of the Christians to Saladin: http://www.historyfiles.co.uk/images/MiddleEast/Crusaders/Saladin_Hattin_01_full .jpg Christians attacking Constantinople: http://historyofscience.com/G2I/timeline/images/prise_de_constantinople_1204_Pa lma_Le_Jeune.JPG Ghengis Khan: http://www.logoi.com/notes/img/genghis-khan.jpg Sack of Constantinople: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Zonaro_GatesofCo nst.jpg/220px-Zonaro_GatesofConst.jpg