Carbohydrates, Proteins, and Lipids Ch. 5.2--> 5.4

Quick Review (write down your answers) What is the difference between an organic molecule and an inorganic molecule? Compare monomers and Polymers. What happens when you build a polymer? Break down a polymer? Polymers: Build --> dehydration reaction --> water removed Breakdown --> hydrolysis -->water added

Objectives Structure & function of sugars Name and function of 3 polysaccharides Characteristics of lipids Structure and function of fats, proteins, & amino acids

Carbohydrates Organic compound Made of C, H, O Always CH2O ratio

Carbohydrates Monosaccharides One sugar unit i.e., glucose Main Source of Energy!

Carbohydrates Disaccharides Double sugar What reaction do cells use to construct this? Dehydration reaction Sucrose glucose + fructose table sugar, plant sap

Carbohydrates Polysaccharides Long chains of sugar units Starch Where do we find starch? Found in plant cells Can we break it down? Let’s try with some crackers… Chew for 1 min, do NOT swallow. Write down initial taste and write down tastee after 1 min

The Breakdown Amylase in saliva --> Hydrolyzed(add H2O) the starch --> released maltose --> sweet taste Remember, adding water breaks down polymers

Carbohydrates Polysaccharides (types) Glycogen: Polysaccharide used by humans Store and break down to glucose when need energy Cellulose: Found in cell wall of plants Provides structure We can’t digest it, call it “fiber” GREAT for pooping!

Check with your neighbor Explain the difference between a monosaccharide and a disaccharide. Give an example of each Monosachharide = one sugar unit; examples include: glucose, fructose, or galactose Disaccharide = two sugar units Example: sucrose

Lipids Ch. 5.3

Hydrophilic vs. Hydrophobic What do these terms mean? Water loving Examples? Cotton, tissue, watercolor paper Hydrophobic: Water-avoiding Examples? Wax, vinyl, rubber

Lipids Water avoiding compounds Hydrophobic Fats: Glycerol + 3 fatty acids Saturated and unsaturated

Two Types of Lipids: Saturated vs. Unsaturated Saturated fat: Single bonds Solid at room temp Unsaturated fat: C is double bonded Loose arrangement Liquid at room temp

What type of fat is this? Saturated or Unsaturated? Unsaturated! How do you know? Online activity 5.3

Proteins 5.4 Structural proteins: mouse cells

Proteins Constructed of monomers called amino acids Only 20 amino acids. That’s it! Specific shapes --> diff. jobs Many different functions. Any ideas? Structure for hair, muscles, nails, tendons, enzymes, defend against harmful microorganisms, chemical reactions in cells

Building a Protein Amino acids (AA) link together in a chain, or polypeptide What kind of reaction happens when a “chain” is built? Dehydration reaction --> loss of water Diff. Order of AA --> diff. Proteins Many possible combinations Some proteins are 100 AA’s in length! Online activity 5.4

Did we obtain our objectives? Describe basic structure & function of sugars Name and function of 3 polysaccharides Characteristics of lipids Structure and function of fats Structure & function of proteins & amino acid