Cancer By: Samantha Mojica Jeorshey Ang Hania Torres Hye Lim Kim

What is Cancer?  Cancer is a term used for diseases in which abnormal cells divide uncontrollably and creates lumps or masses of tissue called “tumors”. This is a skin cancer cell Attacking the red blood cells. This image shows how a cancerous tumor is created.

What Causes Cancer ?  Cancer begins when healthy cells do not stop dividing. Cancerous cells typically divide more quickly than (normal) cells.  Cancer starts off as a regular cell. Most cells have an expected life cycle of growth, reproduction, and death. T h i s i s a n o r m a l h u m a n c e l l c y c l e. A c a n c e r o u s c e l l t h a t ’ s r e p r o d u c i n g !

Preventions/Treatments Some preventions of cancer are: Every time you go to the bathroom, stop by the kitchen or water-cooler for a glass of water. Another way to prevent Cancer is to take up a tea habit. Some other way to prevent Cancer is to eat some Kiwi Also, just make lemonade or limeade. Treatment Radiation therapy uses high-energy radiation to shrink tumors and kill cancer cells For Example: X-rays, gamma rays, and charged particles are types of radiation used for cancer treatment. Cancer vaccines are designed to boost the body’s natural ability to protect itself, through the immune system, from dangers posed by damaged or abnormal cells such as cancer cells. There are many other ways to treat cancer…

How cancerous cells Can be Caused

Common Types Of CANCER!  Some types of cancers are: Lung Cancer Stomach Cancer Leukemia Breast Cancer Bladder Cancer Lymphoma Cancer Pancreatic Cancer

How CANCER affects the cell?  The tumor is considered not to be harmful. It can be easily removed and will not spread to other organs. The possibility for this tumor to reappear is much reduced.  Cancer determines cells to divide in an uncontrollable way. Generally the cells of the body divide only when needed, like when they grow old and other cells need to be produced in order to replace them or when they are in a small amount and the body needs more of them.

History of Cancer  The world's oldest documented case of cancer hails from ancient Egypt, in 1500 B.C.E. The details were recorded on a papyrus, documenting 8 cases of tumors occurring on the breast. It was treated by cauterization, a method to destroy tissue with a hot instrument called "the fire drill." It was also recorded that there was no treatment for the disease, only palliative treatment.  There is evidence that the ancient Egyptians were able to tell the difference between malignant and benign tumors. According to inscriptions, surface tumors were surgically removed in a similar manner as they are removed today.

Signs/Symptoms  One sign of cancer is feeling weak/ or tired.  Another sign of weight gain or loss with unknown reason.  Some other signs or symptoms are : hard time swallowing ; or you may have sores that don’t heal.  Sometimes, cancer cells release substances into the bloodstream that cause symptoms which are not usually linked to cancer. For example, some cancers of the pancreas can release substances that cause blood clots in veins of the legs.  Some lung cancers make hormone-like substances that raise blood calcium levels. This affects nerves and muscles, making the person feel weak and dizzy.

History of Cancer  Cancer-specific survival: This statistic calculates the percentage of patients with a specific type and stage of cancer who have survived—that is, not died from—their cancer during a certain period of time (1 year, 2 years, 5 years, etc.) after diagnosis. Cancer- specific survival is also called disease-specific survival. In most cases, cancer-specific survival is based on causes of death in medical records, which may not be accurate.

Diagnosis of Cancer  There is no single test that can accurately diagnose cancer. The complete evaluation of a patient usually requires a thorough history and physical examination along with diagnostic testing. Many tests are needed to determine whether a person has cancer, or if another condition (such as an infection) is mimicking the symptoms of cancer.

Prognosis Of Cancer  A prognosis is an estimate of the likely course and outcome of a disease. The prognosis of a patient diagnosed with cancer is often viewed as the chance that the disease will be treated successfully and that the patient will recover.  Cancer-specific survival: This statistic calculates the percentage of patients with a specific type and stage of cancer who have survived—that is, not died from—their cancer during a certain period of time (1 year, 2 years, 5 years, etc.) after diagnosis. Cancer- specific survival is also called disease-specific survival. In most cases, cancer-specific survival is based on causes of death in medical records, which may not be accurate.

Prognosis (Part 2)

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