CHAPTER 21 SECTION 3 CIVIL RIGHTS
AFRICAN AMERICANS SEEK EQUALITY New direction Equality Change social / economic structures New leaders Attention turned to the North
THE NORTH De facto segregation Exists by practice and custom Harder to fight – because you had to change peoples attitudes De jure segregation By law “White Flight” moved to Suburbs Decaying slums Deteriorating schools High unemployment Nobody would hire African Americans
URBAN VIOLENCE Race Riots Watts, Los Angeles August 11, 1965 Burned business 34 killed 1,000+ injured 3,000+ arrested Wanted economic equality in jobs, housing and education
NEW LEADERS Malcolm X (Little) Jailed at 20 Studied teachings of the Nation of Islam Black Muslims Islamic minister preached Whites the cause of black condition Separate from white society advocated Armed self-defense A7ACE A7ACE
CONT. Broke from Nation of Islam Went on Pilgrimage to Mecca Orthodox Islam Racial equality Attitude towards whites changed new slogan“Ballots or Bullets” “well if you and I don’t use the ballot, we’re goig to be forced to use the bullet, so let us try the bullet” February 21, 1965 Giving a speech in Harlem Shot / killed
BLACK POWER James Meredith (Ole Miss) 225 mile walk to racist areas “Walk against fear” Tennessee to Jackson Shot by white racist “We shall overrun” Develop African American Pride People began to shift away from MLK’s peaceful ways
BLACK POWER Black Panthers Fight Police brutality Self-defense Self sufficiency Full employment Decent Housing Vietnam Draft Unfair ratio Daycare centers Free breakfast program Free medical clinics Assistance to homeless
ASSASSINATIONS April 4, 1968 Memphis, TN Hotel Balcony King is shot = Age of 39 Shooter = James Earl Ray Robert Kennedy That night he made a speech / plea for nonviolence Killed June 1968 Jordanian Immigrant= Upset over Israeli support Riots exploded in over 100+ cities Flames
LEGACY Civil Right Act of 1968 Ended discrimination in housing School attendance increased Led to better jobs / business opportunities Greater pride in racial identity By /3 (eligible) registered to vote More elected officials Affirmative Action Efforts to hire / enroll groups that have suffered discrimination Reverse Discrimination? Quotas