1. Changes and Challenges Unit 4 Section 2 Part 6

2. A. Changes and Challenges ► Under King, the Civil Rights movement had done a lot to get rid of de jure segregation ► -this is segregation based on law ► Outside the south, a different kind of segregation existed called de facto segregation ► -this is segregation based on racists ideas ► -harder to fight ► De facto segregation made it difficult for blacks to find jobs, which lead to a high poverty rate ► Frustration over these ideas created new leaders in the Civil Rights Movement

3. B. Black Power ► In 1966, Stokely Carmichael became the leader of the Student Non-violent Coordinating committee ► He differed from King in that he was more aggressive ► He came up with the Black Power Movement ► -this meant African American dependence on themselves to solve problems ► -also meant that violence and fear would be used to solve problems

4. C. The Black Panthers ► Black power appealed to many young blacks ► A group emerged that was called the Black Panthers ► They called for violent revolution ► The panthers often carried guns and patrolled black neighborhoods

5. The Black Muslims ► One of the largest groups that expressed Black Power was the Nation of Islam ► -also called the Black Muslims ► Malcolm X was a famous minister of the Black Muslims ► He preached a message of equality by any means necessary ► Malcolm X was critical of King’s non-violence, which frightened many whites ► After a trip to the holy lands, Malcolm X changed his ideas and started to push for racial harmony ► He was assassinated in 1965 by the Black Muslims, because he had changed his ideas

6. The Assassination of King ► In 1968, King went to Memphis, Tenn. To help black workers protest discrimination ► On April 4, 1968, James Earl Ray, a white sniper, shot and killed King with a high- powered rifle ► Race riots erupted across the country

7. ► A week after MLK’s death, Lyndon B. Johnson passed the Civil Rights Act of 1968 ► This act banned discrimination in the sale or rental of housing ► Schools were still largely segregated in the late 60s despite the law ► The government also passed Affirmative Action programs ► -this gave African Americans preferential treatment in hiring for jobs and admission to colleges