1. Civil Rights
Chapter 21
Section 3

2. African Americans Seek Equality
Seeking in the 60’s
New direction
Equality
Change social / economic structures
New leaders
Attention turned to the North

3. The North “White Flight” De facto segregation Decaying slums
moved to Suburbs
Decaying slums
Deteriorating schools
High unemployment
Nobody would hire African Americans
De facto segregation
Exists by practice and custom
Harder to fight – because you had to change peoples attitudes
De jure segregation
By law

4. Urban Violence Race Riots Watts, Los Angeles August 11, 1965
Burned business
34 killed
1,000+ injured
3,000+ arrested
Wanted economic equality in jobs, housing and education

5. New Leaders Malcolm X (Elijah Muhammad) Jailed at 20
Studied teachings of the Nation of Islam
Black Muslims
Islamic minister
preached Whites the cause of black condition
Separate from white society
Preached a militant approach to civil rights
advocated Armed self-defense

6. Cont. new slogan“Ballots or Bullets”
Broke from Nation of Islam
Went on Pilgrimage to Mecca
Orthodox Islam
Racial equality
Attitude towards whites changed
new slogan“Ballots or Bullets”
“well if you and I don’t use the ballot, we’re goig to be forced to use the bullet, so let us try the ballot”
February 21, 1965
Giving a speech in Harlem
Shot / killed

7. Black Power James Meredith Stokely Carmichael (Ole Miss)
225 mile walk to racist areas
“Walk against fear”
Tennessee to Jackson
Shot by white racist
Stokely Carmichael
Develop African American Pride
People began to shift away from MLK’s peaceful ways

8. Black Power Black Panthers Daycare centers Fight Police brutality
Self-defense
Self sufficiency
Full employment
Decent Housing
Vietnam Draft
Unfair ratio
Daycare centers
Free breakfast program
Free medical clinics
Assistance to homeless

9. Assassinations King is shot = Age of 39 Robert Kennedy April 4, 1968
Memphis, TN
Hotel Balcony
King is shot = Age of 39
Shooter = James Earl Ray
Robert Kennedy
That night he made a speech / plea for nonviolence
Killed June 1968
Jordanian Immigrant= Upset over Israeli support
Riots exploded in over 100+ cities
Flames

10. Legacy Civil Right Act of 1968 Affirmative Action By 1970
Ended discrimination in housing
School attendance increased
Led to better jobs / business opportunities
Greater pride in racial identity
By 1970
2/3 (eligible) registered to vote
More elected officials
Affirmative Action
Efforts to hire / enroll groups that have suffered discrimination
Reverse Discrimination?
Quotas