1. Challenges and Changes in the Movement

2. African Americans Seek Greater Equality
In the North, African Americans faced De Facto segregation:
Segregation that exists through practice and custom
It was much harder to eliminate de facto segregation because it requires that people change their attitude.
As more African Americans moved to the cities, it created the “white flight”, or whites moved to surrounding suburbs.

3. Violence Erupts Watt’s Riots
34 people were killed and hundreds of millions of dollars worth of property were destroyed.

5. Malcolm X
“If you think we are here to tell you to love the white man, you have come to the wrong place!”
Born Malcolm Little
Went to Jail for burglary at age 20
In jail, Malcolm X, studied the teaching of Elijah Muhammed who was the head of the Nation of Islam.

6. Malcolm X
Changed his name to Malcolm X (dropping what he called his slave name)
He preached that whites were the cause of the black condition and that blacks should separate from white society.
He called for armed self defense which frightened whites and many moderate African Americans.

7. Black Power
Stokely Carmichael, leader of SNCC, began to state that “Black people should begin to define their own goals”
MLK Jr urged him to stop because it would antagonize whites and provoke African Americans to turn to violence.

9. Black Panthers
New Political Party founded by Huey Newton and Bobby Seale.
Wanted to fight police brutality in the ghetto.
Wanted African Americans to be exempt from military service because of the unfair numbers of black youths that had been drafted to serve in Vietnam.
Dressed in black leather jackets, black berets, and sunglasses.
Established daycare centers, breakfast programs, medical clinics, and assistance to homeless.