©2007 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 2/e PPTPPT

©2007 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 13 Interpersonal and Collaborative Messages McGraw-Hill/Irwin

3 Communicating Interpersonally Interpersonal communication ◦verbal, nonverbal, and listening interaction between at least two people engaged in the co-creation of a relationship

4 Relational Communication Interpersonal Communication and Relationships Relationship ◦dynamic system of interaction coordinated through communication between two or more people Why Are Business Relationships Important?

5 Relational Communication Types of Relationships Complementary relationship ◦when communicators engage in contrasting behavior in which one person controls and the other relinquishes control Symmetrical relationship ◦when the communicators mirror each other’s behavior

6 Relational Communication Some relationships are complementary in nature since one of the communicators talks more while the other listens more. © Royalty-Free/CORBIS

7 Relational Communication How Do I Influence My Relationships? Practice Redesigning Relationships  Talk about the relationship  Negotiate new rules and structure  Change the context  Change your reaction pattern

8 Relational Communication When people interact, they repeatedly send and receive messages. These messages and reactions continually move around and between the communicators. FIGURE 13.1Endless Feedback Loop

9 Relational Communication What Are the Rules for Business Relationships?  Interactive rules  Standard rules  Role-related rules Breaking the Rules Cross-Cultural Rules

10 Communicating Nonverbally Nonverbal communication ◦body movements or vocal variations that communicate without words

11 Communicating Nonverbally What’s the Big Deal about Communicating Nonverbally?  happens continuously  conveys 93 percent of our emotional meaning  can occur unintentionally  many cues are contextual  often more reliable and believable than verbal

12 Types of Nonverbal Communication 1. Kinesic behaviors ◦refers to body movements we use to communicate 2. Eye behavior ◦refers to eye movements that communicate emotions, facilitate and regulate conversation, and monitor reactions

13 Types of Nonverbal Communication 3. Paralanguage ◦vocal sounds other than words. It is how you say something rather than what the words mean Vocal interferences ◦paralinguistic sounds, such as “um,” “er,” and “uh,” that fill dead air during speech 4. Chronemics ◦study of how people use and perceive time

14 Types of Nonverbal Communication 5. Proxemics ◦study of how people use space and distance  Intimate distance  Personal distance  Social distance  Public distance

15 Types of Nonverbal Communication 6. Haptics ◦involves touching behaviors Nonverbal touching can communicate a variety of messages, including a formal greeting. © Stockbyte/PunchStock Images

16 Types of Nonverbal Communication Differences between men and women Nonverbal Behavior  Eye contact and gaze  Facial expressions  Gestures  Posture  Proxemic space  Haptics (touch)  Paralanguage

17 Communicating in Small Groups What Is a Small Group? Small groups ◦composed of two or more interdependent people who are aware of their group membership and who communicate to accomplish common goals What’s the Difference between Small- Group and Interpersonal Communication?

18 Communicating in Small Groups Purposes of Business Groups and Teams  Task force  Quality circles  Steering committee  Management teams  Project teams

19 Communicating in Small Groups Purposes of Business Groups and Teams (continued)  Cross-functional teams  Self-managing teams  Problem-solving teams  Virtual teams

20 The Four C’s of Effective Small Groups FIGURE 13.2The 4 C’s of Small Groups

21 The Four C’s of Effective Small Groups Commitment ◦members’ consistent participation on grouprelated tasks, and dedication to maintaining group values and achieving group goals Cohesion ◦establishment of harmonious and compatible working relationships

22 The Four C’s of Effective Small Groups Collaboration ◦members of a team work together to accomplish a task Conflict Modification Strategies Conflict strategies ◦problem modification techniques that groups use to resolve disputes

23 Conformity ◦acceptance of influence and adherence to group rules Groupthink ◦when members neglect relevant news or information that contradicts what the group already believes

24 Leadership in Groups and Teams Leadership ◦ability to influence people and share a vision that moves projects or the organization forward in a productive and creative way Leadership in Meetings Agendas ◦guidelines for discussion topics and time frames for goal accomplishment during meetings

25 Leadership in Groups and Teams Leadership in Meetings (continued) Task Leadership Skills  Analyzing problems  Evaluating criteria  Decision making and analyzing solutions  Developing group processing procedures

26 Leadership in Groups and Teams Leadership in Meetings (continued) Relational Leadership Skills  Facilitating participation  Stimulating discussion  Coordinating group dialogue  Modifying and managing conflict

27 Leadership in Groups and Teams Gender Differences in Meetings  interruptions  take & hold floor  state verbal points concretely & authoritatively  confident about building arguments  collaboration

28 Technology for Groups and Teams C-Commerce ◦technology that allows companies to collaborate with customers, suppliers, and distributors to improve existing products and services and to create new products

29 Types of Nonverbal Communication Distance Business Meetings 1. Teleconferencing ◦most common type of distance meeting in which participants communicate by phone from different locations 2. Videoconferencing ◦combines both visual and verbal communication so conference participants can see and hear each other at the same time by using a video monitor

30 Types of Nonverbal Communication Distance Business Meetings (continued) 3. Web conferencing ◦use of compact cameras and microphones attached to personal or laptop computers to send and receive audio and video messages transmitted over the Internet

31 Questions