Ch2: The English Colonies p. 32 textbook

Start Strong… See the Start Strong on the White Board… Take out your Colonies G.R.A.P.E.S. Chart Homework: Complete the Southern/New England sections of the Chart.

Essential Question: How do regional differences influence the development of societies?

The 13 Colonies Middle Colonies New England Colonies Southern Colonies

Chapter 2 Overview Section 1 – The Southern Colonies Section 2 – The New England Colonies Section 3 – The Middle Colonies Section 4 – Life in the English Colonies Section 5 – Conflict in the Colonies

p. 36 textbook p. __ notebook Ch2 Sec1: The Southern Colonies

Building Background Several European nations took part in the race to claim lands in the Americas. Their next step was to establish colonies in the lands they claimed. After failures in the 1500s, the colony of Jamestown, Virginia was established.

Settlement in Jamestown 1606 – charter granted by King James I

Founding a New Colony Joint-stock company: London Company Jamestown: first permanent English settlement in N. America Settlers lacked experience  deaths

Jamestown, Virginia: 1607

Powhatan Confederacy John Smith: took control in 1608, built fort, worked harder Help from Powhatan Indians Still had a tough winter John Rolfe & tobacco

War in Virginia Rolfe married Pocahontas 1614 Tensions w/ Native Americans rise King cancels colony’s charter Jamestown becomes a royal colony

Daily Life in Virginia Lived on small farms Tobacco farmers soon est. plantations

Headright System Colonists who paid their way get 50 acres Additional 50 acres for bringing others (servants & relatives) Labor in Virginia High death rates  labor shortages Indentured servants: free trip to N. Am by agreeing to work without pay for # of yrs

Expansion of Slavery First Africans arrive in 1619 – some servants, some slaves Demand for workers + cost of slaves decrease = more slavery Bacon’s Rebellion Higher taxes + lack of protection  colonists protest Nathaniel Bacon led an uprising against governor

Other Southern Colonies Maryland Named in honor of England’s Queen Founded by George & Cecilius Calvert (Lord Baltimore II) Refuge for English Catholics escaping persecution More Protestants settlers arrive  Toleration Act of 1649

The Carolinas 1663, king gives Carolina to his supporters 1712 – Carolinas split: North & South Originally proprietary, became royal colonies …and Georgia Founded by James Oglethorpe & trustees Meant to be a buffer to Spanish Florida …and a safe place for debtors Turned into a land of plantations

Economies of the Southern Colonies Agriculture-based (agrarian) = farming Exported ship materials: wood & tar Traded w/ local Indians Small farms & large plantations Grew cash crops: sold for $$$ Tobacco, rice, indigo (blue dye) Req’d large workforce  relied on slavery – Olaudah Equiano: poor treatment – slave codes