1. Unit 3: The English Colonies Lesson 1: The Southern Colonies

2. The Southern Colonies Big Idea Main Ideas
LESSON 1
Big Idea
Despite a difficult beginning, the southern colonies soon flourished.
Main Ideas
Jamestown was the first permanent English settlement in America.
Daily life in Virginia was challenging to the colonists.
Religious freedom and economic opportunities were motives for founding other southern colonies, including Maryland, the Carolinas, and Georgia.
Farming and slavery were important to the economies of the southern colonies.
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3. The “Lost” Colony of Roanoke
1578- Queen Elizabeth I issues charter to Sir Humphrey Gilbert to start a colony
Dies on the trip
1585- his brother Sir Walter Raleigh continues charter w/ 100 men off coast of N. Carolina
Named Roanoke…
set up camp, fort, and agriculture
Most settlers went back to England w/ Drake (visiting in 1586)
1587- try again w/ 118 others
most knew nothing of setting up colonies
Leader goes back for supplies only to return to a deserted island.
No one knows or has ever found out what happened to “The Lost Colony”
Discourages others from planning more English colonies

4. New Arrivals in Jamestown
1619- Virginia Company sends 90 women
“Colony can never flourish till families be planted”
Colonists who wanted one had to pay a fee (120 lbs. of tobacco)
1619- Dutch ship arrives
20 Africans sold to planters to help in fields & as servants
1st Africans came as indentured servants
Became free, some even owned land
By 1660’s slavery recognized by law

5. Settlement in Jamestown
Lesson 1
Main Idea 1
Jamestown was the first permanent English settlement in America.
King James I allowed the London Company to settle in a region called Virginia.
The first colonists arrived in America on April 26, 1607.
They settled in Jamestown, the first permanent English settlement in America.
The colonists were not prepared to build and farm. Two-thirds died by their first winter.
continued…
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6. Jamestown Settlement 1606- the Virginia Company of London
Receive charter “to make habitation…”
Joint-Stock Company
Investors buy stock in exchange for future profits
Dec send 144 settlers in 3 ships
Look for gold attempt to trade fish and fur
40 die in trip
April enter Chesapeake Bay
Sailed up river (they named ‘James’ after King)
Set up settlement named Jamestown (king)
Swampy land, mosquitoes w/ disease
Colonists not used to hard labor
Looked for gold and silver instead of growing food
Disease and hunger killed most
Spring ships arrive w/ supplies and more settlers
Only 38 settlers left!!!

7. Relations with Native Americans
Lesson 1
Relations with Native Americans
John Smith became the leader of Jamestown in
Colonists were helped by the powerful Powhatan Confederacy of Native Americans.
More settlers arrived, but many died from famine and disease.
Settler John Rolfe married Pocahontas, which helped form peaceful relations with the Powhatan.
Conflict between colonists and the Powhatan began in 1622 and lasted for 20 years.
Main Idea 1
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8. Farming the Land No gold or silver, but find new way to make money
John Rolfe
Brings strain of tobacco from West Indies that grows extremely well here
Quickly sold in Europe
Relationship with natives improves
Marries Powhatan princess “Pocahontas” (Disney LIED)
1614- some colonists rent land begin selling crops and making money
Encourages them to work harder
1000’s of settlers were soon drawn to colony with acres of land and dreams of wealth

9. Daily Life in Virginia Headright System Labor
Lesson 1
Daily Life in Virginia
Main Idea 2
Daily life in Virginia was challenging to the colonists.
Labor
Most workers were indentured servants, people who came to America for free by agreeing to work without pay for a set amount of time.
The first Africans were brought as slaves and servants in Increased work and the falling cost of slaves led colonists to use more slave labor.
Headright System
Large farms, called plantations, were established by tobacco farmers.
Colonists who paid their way to Virginia received 50 acres of land and 50 acres for each person they brought.
continued…
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10. Representative Government
At first almost all men
Worked for Virginia Company
Strict rules
Began complaining about being ruled from London
1619- company agreed to let them have some say
10 towns in the colony sent 2 reps, called burgesses, to an assembly
July 30, meet for 1st time (House of Burgesses)
Had right to make local laws for colony

11. Bacon’s Rebellion Colonial officials began to tax colonists.
Lesson 1
Main Idea 2
(continued)
Women and Children
Most settlers in Virginia were men until 1620, when the Virginia Company allowed more women to move to the colony.
Women offered valuable skills: making soap and candles, sewing and mending clothes, and cooking.
Children also spent most of their time working.
Bacon’s Rebellion
Colonial officials began to tax colonists.
Nathaniel Bacon led a rebellion against the governor’s policies in
Copyright © by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

12. Other Southern Colonies
Lesson 1
Main Idea 3
Religious freedom and economic opportunities were motives for founding other southern colonies, including Maryland, the Carolinas, and Georgia.
The Carolinas
Carolina was founded south of Virginia in
It was divided into North and South Carolina in 1712.
Most colonists in North Carolina were farmers.
South Carolina had large plantations with many slaves.
Georgia
Georgia was founded by James Oglethorpe as a refuge for debtors in
He wanted small farms, so he outlawed slavery and limited land grants.
Settlers grew unhappy, and Georgia became a royal colony. Large rice plantations, worked by many slaves, were created.
Maryland
Maryland was founded north of Virginia in 1632.
The colony was intended as a refuge for Catholics.
Colonists in Maryland raised corn, cattle, hogs, and, eventually, tobacco.
Protestants began moving to Maryland in the 1640s, which prompted the colonial assembly to pass the Toleration Act of 1649.
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13. Economies of the Southern Colonies
Lesson 1
Main Idea 4
Farming and slavery were important to the economies of the southern colonies.
Economies of the South depended on agriculture. Cash crops were tobacco, rice, and indigo.
The labor intensive cash crops and the long growing season meant more labor was needed.
Enslaved Africans became the main source of labor.
The conditions of slavery were brutal.
Slave codes, or laws to control slaves, were passed.
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