Germany and Italy Rise of Fascism Germany and Italy Rise of Fascism.

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Presentation transcript:

Germany and Italy Rise of Fascism Germany and Italy Rise of Fascism

Europe in 1919

Benito Mussolini [ ] Il Duce

Italian Fasces

Fascism 1. Dictatorship and totalitarianism 1.Strongly nationalistic 2.Strongly militaristic

Fascism Opposed to communism Can seem like communism in practice Both control people through force and censorship

Fascism Communism appeals to workers Promises society without social classes all property shared appeals to upper and middle classes promises to preserve existing social classes Promises to preserve ownership of property and restore Italian economy

March on Rome [1922]

Fascist Youth Black shirts

Corporatist State

From the German Point of View  Lost—but not forgotten country.  Into the heart You are to dig yourself these words as into stone: Which we have lost may not be truly lost!

Maimed German WW I Veteran

The “Stabbed-in-the-Back” Theory Disgruntled German WWI veterans

German “Revolutions” [1918]

German Freikorps

Sparticist Poster

The Spartacist League Rosa Luxemburg [ ] murdered by the Freikorps

Friedrich Ebert: First President of the Weimar Republic

The German Government:

The German Mark

The French in the Ruhr: 1923

The French Occupation of the Ruhr

The Beer Hall Putsch: 1923 National Socialist German Workers Party - Nazi Party

The Beer Hall Putsch Idealized

Hitler in Landesberg Prison

Mein Kampf [My Struggle]

European Debts to the United States

The Dawes Plan (1924)

The Young Plan (1930) For three generations, you’ll have to slave away! $26,350,000,000 to be paid over a period of 58½ years. For three generations, you’ll have to slave away! $26,350,000,000 to be paid over a period of 58½ years.

Weimar Germany: Political Representation [ ] Political Parties in the Reichstag May 1924 Dec May 1928 Sep July 1932 Nov Mar Communist Party (KPD) Social Democratic Party (SDP) Catholic Centre Party (BVP) Nationalist Party (DNVP) Nazi Party (NSDAP) Other Parties

German Unemployment:

Decrease in World Trade:

German Election Results in 1933

Hitler used the burning of the Reichstag building to declare himself dictator (restoring order)

Nazi = National Socialist German Workers’ Party Third Reich = Germany’s third empire of rule Der Fuhrer = Hitler as “the father” Rome - Berlin axis

Rhineland 1936

The “New Napoleons?”