1. The World Before War

2. Totalitarianism
Government that takes total, centralized, state control over every aspect of public and private life

3. Dynamic Leader Unites people Symbolizes govt.
Encourages popular support through force

4. Ideology
Sets and glorifies state goals
Justifies govt actions

5. State Control of Individuals
Controls EVERYTHING  Business, labor, housing, education, religion, the arts, etc.

6. Methods of Enforcement
Terror
Censorship
Persecution

7. Use of Technology
Mass communication
Advanced weaponry

8. Totalitarian Rulers in the 2oth Century
Adolf Hitler
Benito Mussolini
Joseph Stalin
Kim Il Sung
Saddam Hussein

9. The Rise of Mussolini

10. Italy’s Conditions After WWI
Had fought w/Allies but didn’t get all they were promised
Huge war debts
No markets to sell goods

11. Mussolini’s Background
1883: Born to a working class family
1919: Formed the Fascist party
Facism:
Totalitarian system of government
Defended private property and class structure
Cause of nation advanced at all costs

12. 1920: Began to campaign for power
1921: Mussolini’s followers, Blackshirts, physically attacked political opponents and drove elected officials from office
Democratic govt did nothing to stop them

13. 1922: Fascists stages March on Rome to protest
King Victor Emmanuel III named Mussolini Prime Minister
1924: Blackshirts ensured Italians voted for Fascist candidates
Mussolini began calling himself “Il Duce” – “the leader”
Banned non-Fascist parties
Fascists arrested, assaulted or murdered anyone who voted against them

14. Mussolini’s Accomplishments
Brought order to Italy
Built up armed forces
Solved unemployment problem
Rekindled patriotism

15. The Rise of Adolf Hitler

16. 1889: Born in Austria
1913: Rejected by Austrian army
1914: Joined WWI w/German army
1918: Received military award
1919: Joined German’s Workers’ Party = future Nazi party

17. 1920: Put in charge of Nazi propaganda
1923: Beer Hall Putsch
Tried to seize power of govt.
Sent to prison
Wrote Mein Kampf = “My Struggle”

18. 1933: President Hindenberg invited Hitler to be Chancellor
Nazis got 44% of vote in the next election
1934: Hindenberg died
Govt. combined Chancellorship and Presidency
Hitler became der Fuhrer = “the leader”