1. Friday 4/25: Fascist and Communist Leaders in Europe
Objective:  Summarize political, social, and economic reasons for why European nations turned to fascist and totalitarian leaders.
Bell Work #7: Interact with History-Who Would You Vote For?

2. Europe after the War:
Weimar Republic: the republic that was established in Germany in 1919 and ended in 1933
In Germany, the Weimar Republic was weak from the start.
Germany lacks strong democratic traditions; postwar many political parties; blamed Weimar gov’t, not wartime leaders, for military defeat and humiliation at Versailles

3. Europe after the War:
Postwar Germany suffered from severe economic inflation.
German gov’t printed money for war expenses and reparations, devalued money causing loss of savings

4. Thousand Mark banknote with a One
Millard (1 Billion Mark) Stamp

5. 1 pound of bread cost 3 milliard 1 pound of meat: 36 milliard
1st November 1923,
1 pound of bread cost 3 milliard
1 pound of meat: 36 milliard
1 glass of beer: 4 milliard
Duetsch Mark
1 Millard=1 billion marks

6. Fascism Rises in Europe
Fascism: political movement that promotes an extreme form of nationalism, a denial of individual rights and a dictatorial one-party rule
Italy: Benito Mussolini
Germany: Adolf Hitler
Spain: Francisco Franco

7. Nationalsozialistische Deutsche Arbeiterpartei
Nazism:
the fascist politics of the National Socialist German Worker’s Party (NSDAP) based on totalitarianism, the belief in racial superiority and state control of the industry
Nationalsozialistische Deutsche Arbeiterpartei

8. Fascism Both Communism No clearly defined program or theory
Extreme form of nationalism
States must struggle—peaceful countries would be conquered
Each class has a function
Made up of upper and middle class
Anti-Communist

9. Fascism Both Communism No clearly defined program or theory
Extreme form of nationalism
States must struggle—peaceful countries would be conquered
Each class has a function
Made up of upper and middle class
Anti-Communist
Struggle is between owners and workers
Classless society
Dictatorship of the working class
Internationalists hoping to unite workers worldwide
Workers/Peasants

10. Fascism Both Communism Extreme form of nationalism
States must struggle—peaceful countries would be conquered
Each class has a function
Made up of upper and middle class
Anti-Communist
Both ruled by a dictator
One-Party state
Denied individual rights
State supremacy
No democracy
Struggle is between owners and workers
Classless society
Dictatorship of the working class
hoping to unite workers worldwide
Workers/Peasants

11. Benito Mussolini’s Rise to Power in Italy
First Fascist followers were nationalists and soldiers from WWI; eventually, aristocrats and the middle class join in
Interested in stopping communism and the rise of the working class

12. Benito Mussolini’s Rise to Power in Italy
Mussolini and his followers (known as Black Shirts) intimidated opposing groups and eventually marched on Rome
Convinced the King to step down from power and allow Mussolini to rule
Set up himself as a dictator

13. Germany: The Weimar Republic
In 1919 following World War I, Germany became a republic with a constitution
German people were unhappy with the Weimar Republic because the government agreed to the Treaty of Versailles which ruined Germany
Also severe economic troubles
Many groups tried to overthrown the government and support moved to the Nazi Party

14. The Nazis and Hitler
National Socialist German Worker’s Party: Nazi Party
Extremely nationalistic, anti-Communist and anti-Semitic
Hitler became head of Nazi Party by 1921 and wrote Mein Kampf (My Struggle) while in jail showing his beliefs of racial purity and elimination of all Jews

15. The Nazis and Hitler Speeches attracted many listeners
Promised to repeal the Treaty of Versailles and restore Germany’s military power

16. The Nazis and Hitler Nazis in Power Gained power through elections
Used private Nazi army to frighten members of the government who were not Nazis
Hitler gains title of Der Führer meaning “the leader”
Gave Gestapo (secret police) power
Created Ghettos for the Jews

17. Dictatorship in the Soviet Union
Vladimir Lenin: rules Russia until 1924
New Economic Policy: Lenin’s policy to deal with the economic collapse in Russia that allowed some free trade
Josef Stalin gains power following Lenin’s death

18. Dictatorship in the Soviet Union
Stalin sets up a command economy where the government controls all economic decisions
Changes to the Economy:
Collective Farms: land is taken over by the state so the people don’t own the land they work
Creates Five Year Plans for economic growth
Tries to turn agricultural economy into a modern, industrialized economy

19. Dictatorship in the Soviet Union
Stalin’s dictatorship grows harsh over time
Purge: a large-scale elimination of people from an organization or area
Great Purge of millions of “traitors” to Russia are executed or exiled to work camps in Siberia
Sentenced because they were not loyal to Stalin above the Communist Party and other ideas

20. Their system of government
Comparison of Fascist and Totalitarian Leaders
Mussolini
Hitler
Stalin
Their system of government
Fascism
Communism (Stalinism)
The country
Italy
Germany
Russia
Main ideas and beliefs
Restore military, protect from Communists
Restore Germany’s power;
anti-Communist; anti-Semitist
No Classes; Government in charge of everything
How the people respond to their ideas
Upper classes join in against government and lower classes
Large parts of society join in to fight against Weimar gov’t and restore Germany
Some support Party lines but many go against or object; Purges eliminate dissention