1. Fascist Dictatorships in Italy and Germany
Chapter 19 Section 4

2. The Rise of Fascism in Italy
Italy  Constitutional Monarchy
Trouble transitioning after WWI.
Benito Mussolini – extreme nationalist
Created Fascist Party
Fascism – doctrine (bundle of rods bound tightly, symbolizes authority of government).

3. The Rise of Fascism in Italy (cont.)
Fascist doctrine
Dictatorship/totalitarianism
Strongly nationalistic and militaristic
Anti-communism and democracy
Upper class appeal
Maintain social classes

4. The Rise of Fascism in Italy (cont.)
Followers  nationalists, WWI soldiers, eventually shopkeepers, wealthy landowners. ($)
Used anti-communism to gain support.
Protection of private property & middle class.

5. Mussolini’s Rise to Power
Violent campaign
Black Shirts  used intimidation and force.
Oct – met in Rome (defend against communist revolution)
Parliament resigned
King appoints Mussolini premier (head of coalition government.)

6. Mussolini’s Rise to Power
Mussolini’s Goal
Destroy democracy, create dictatorship
Appointed fascists to official positions
Fascists won election 1924
1925 Mussolini – “head of the government”
King – no power, stayed king
Mussolini
Controlled Ministry of War, police.

7. Mussolini’s Rise to Power
In power:
Disbanded opposing political parties
NO Freedom of Speech, Freedom of the Press, NO trial by jury
Outlawed strikes
Secret Police (spies)
Italy  police state.

8. Mussolini’s Rise to Power
Corporatist state – economic activity determined representation
Agriculture, commerce, manufacturing, transportation
1934  22 corporations formed
Work for the benefit of the government
Govt establish wages, hrs., conditions

9. Germany

10. The Weimar Republic Became Weimar Republic in 1919.
Citizens angry because they signed the Treaty of Versailles – traitors.
High unemployment
Inflation (no #’s)
Adolf Hitler – used frustrations to gain support for his political party - Nazis

11. The Nazis and Hitler
Nazi Party (National Socialist German Workers’ Party).
Nationalistic, anti-Semitic, anticommunist.
Promise- protection from communism.
Wealthy supporters

12. The Nazis and Hitler (cont.)
1921 Hitler – head of Nazi Party
Imprisoned for uprising (Beer Hall Putsch)
Wrote Mein Kampf (“my struggle”)
Spirit of Nazi movement.
Plan – racial purity – execute all Jews.
1927  active discrimination of Jews increased in violence.

13. The Nazis and Hitler (cont).
Popular speech giver.
Promises:
Repeal Treaty of Versailles
Restore military power
Recover lost territory
Build a “Greater Germany”
Racial purification

14. The Nazis in Power 1925  25,000 members by 1929  180,000 members
Bad economy  Nazi Party supporters in the 1930 election.
1932  230 seats in Reichstag (German parliament), more than any other party.
1933 – Hitler appointed chancellor

15. The Nazis in Power (cont.)
Used scare tactics to frighten Reichstag  made himself dictator.
der Führer (“the leader”)
Germany – police state
Banned labor unions, censored newspapers, eliminated other political parties.
Gestapo – secret police force – lots of power

16. The Nazis in Power (cont.)
Persecution of “inferior races”
Jews – forced to live in ghettos (separate neighborhoods)
Jews – had to wear Star of David
Political opponents sent to concentration camps.
Concentration Camps – initially work camps/ isolate people.
Later extermination of millions of Jews

17. The Nazis in Power (cont.)
Promise – revive economy
Called his rule Third Reich (third empire)
Said it would last 1,000 yrs.
1930’s secretly rebuild military
Early 1936 – sent troops to Rhineland (violation of Treaty of Versailles.)
No one reacted – not worth war
Fall 1936 allied with Mussolini
Rome-Berlin Axis